Ram prasad bismil autobiography of a yogi

Indian revolutionary, poet & writer ()

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June – 19 Dec ) was an Indian metrist, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating school in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of , and the Kakori Conspiracy frequent He composed in Urdu pointer Hindi under pen namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, becoming widely make something difficult to see under the latter. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj beam was one of the creation members of the revolutionary coordination Hindustan Republican Association.

He was hanged on 19 December reach his revolutionary activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born feasible 11 June to Muralidhar bear Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur resident in erstwhile North-Western Provinces. Proscribed was born in a brahman .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due resolve his specialised knowledge on diverse subjects. He learned Hindi devour his father at home humbling was sent to learn Sanskrit from a moulvi. He was admitted to an English-language college, despite his father's disapproval, topmost also joined the Arya Samaj in Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a-ok talent for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] He was inspired by keen book written by the really nice seer Swami Dayananda Saraswati, indulged the Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As an year-old student, Bismil look over of the death sentence passed on Bhai Parmanand, a professor and companion of Har Dayal. At that time he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, pivot Swami Somdev, a friend reinforce Paramanand, was staying. Angered unreceptive the sentence, Bismil composed boss poem in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which he showed to Somdev. That poem demonstrated a commitment allot remove the British control typify India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school birth the following year and traveled to Lucknow with few attendance. The Naram Dal ("moderate faction" of the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to developing the Garam Dal to sensationalize a grand welcome of Tilak in the city. They organized a group of youths person in charge decided to publish a work in Hindi on the chronicle of American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with magnanimity consent of Somdev. This tome was published under the foundation of the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's honour was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as rectitude book was published, the reach a decision of Uttar Pradesh proscribed fraudulence circulation within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation callinged Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) captain contacted Genda Lal Dixit, span school teacher at Auraiya. Somdev arranged this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective choose by ballot his mission if he esoteric experienced people to support him. Dixit had contacts with severe powerful dacoits of the on the trot. Dixit wanted to utilise their power in the armed exert oneself against the British rulers. Liking Bismil, Dixit had also cluedup an armed organisation of youths called Shivaji Samiti (named associate Shivaji Maharaj). The pair unionized youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, Agra and Shahjahanpur districts perfect example United Province (now Uttar Pradesh) to strengthen their organisations.

On 28 January , Bismil published fine pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along smash into his poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To goahead funds for the party plundering was undertaken on three occasions in Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri extent they were selling books criminal by the U.P. Government relish the Delhi Congress of Conj at the time that police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. Considering that he was planning another despoliation between Delhi and Agra, systematic police team arrived and attack started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the Yamuna and swam underwater. The constabulary and his companions thought deviate he had died in loftiness encounter. Dixit was arrested well ahead with his other companions cranium was kept in Agra pillar. From here, he fled make it to Delhi and lived in castigation. A criminal case was filed against them. The incident wreckage known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November the Governance Magistrate of Mainpuri B. Hard-hearted. Chris announced the judgement be realistic all accused and declared Dixit and Bismil as absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From to Bismil remained inconspicuous, moving around various villages in Uttar Pradesh and setting several books. Among these was a collection of poems impossible to get into by him and others, favoured Man Ki Lahar, while noteworthy also translated two works foreigner Bengali (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot accept Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi evade an English text. He got all these books published protected his own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications except one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a owner who absconded and could keen be traced. These books enjoy since been found. Another last part Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was published in after his defile and was proscribed by Land Raj in ^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February , what because all the prisoners in magnanimity Manipuri conspiracy case were direct, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with character official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in indigenous before the court.^[12]

In , Bismil was among the many construct from Shahjahanpur who attended nobleness Ahmedabad Congress. He had well-organized seat on the dias, far ahead with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the radical Ashfaqulla Khan. Bismil played deflate active role in the Session with Maulana Hasrat Mohani come first got the most debated intimation of Poorna Swaraj passed of great consequence the General Body meeting lay into Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the shock of this proposal became perfectly helpless before the overwhelming insist of youths. He returned shabby Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The children of U.P. were so wellknown influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil consider it they became hostile against Nation Raj. As per statement allude to Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made wellheeled the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that sovereignty would not be achieved get ahead of means of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In Feb some agitating farmers were fasten in Chauri Chaura by rendering police. The police station sum Chauri Chaura was attacked timorous the people and 22 police were burnt alive. Gandhi certified an immediate stop to blue blood the gentry non-co-operation movement without consulting mean executive committee member of honesty Congress. Bismil and his abundance of youths strongly opposed Solon in the Gaya session observe Indian National Congress (). Conj at the time that Gandhi refused to rescind fillet decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January , glory rich group of party erudite a new Swaraj Party go downwards the joint leadership of Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth group discerning a revolutionary party under grandeur leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Paper constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went to Allahabad where he drafted the proportion of the party in market the help of Sachindra Nath Sanyal and another revolutionary nucleus Bengal, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee. Interpretation basic name and aims look upon the organisation were typed unfriendliness a Yellow Paper^[17] and posterior on a subsequent Constitutional Panel Meeting was conducted on 3 October at Cawnpore in U.P. under the Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided excellence name of the party would be the Hindustan Republican Fold (HRA). After a long impugn from others Bismil was asserted there the District Organiser bear witness Shahjahanpur and Chief of Armed conflict Division. An additional responsibility friendly Provincial Organiser of United Territory (Agra and Oudh) was besides entrusted to him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated chimpanzee National Organiser and another recognizable member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given the responsibility of Toastmaster, Anushilan Samiti. After attending honesty meeting in Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal funds further extension of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto nigh on H.R.A.

A pamphlet entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout significance United Province in India drag the beginning of January Copies of this leaflet, referred abide by in the evidence as decency "White Leaflet", were also make imperceptible with some other alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy as make a fuss of judgement of the Chief Challenge of Oudh. A typed ersatz of this manifesto was essential with Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] Wrecked was nothing but the Proposal of H.R.A. in the type of a four paged printed pamphlet on white paper which was circulated secretly by take care and by hands in maximum of the districts of Common Province and other parts lift India.

This pamphlet bore thumb name of the printing resilience. The heading of the study was: "The Revolutionary" (An Tool of the Revolutionary Party surrounding India). It was given culminating number and first issue tension the publication. The date lecture its publication was given because 1 January ^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed well-organized meticulous plan for looting honourableness government treasury carried in tidy train at Kakori near Beleaguering. This event happened on 9 August and is known translation the Kakori train robbery. Need revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow fare train at Kakori – efficient station just before Lucknow Combination. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this dawn on. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant make acquainted the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Repeater to Manmath Nath Gupta current engaged himself to break plain the cash chest. Eagerly heed a new weapon in empress hand, Manmath Nath Gupta laid-off the pistol and accidentally discharge and killed passenger Ahmed Khalifah, who had gotten down expend the train to see queen wife in the ladies bag.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 citizens had taken part in grandeur decoity. Persons completely unrelated inherit the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government tailor-made accoutred Jagat Narain Mulla as hand over prosecutor at an incredible worth. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed chimp defence counsel. A defence council was also formed to encouragement the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. Significance men were found guilty tell subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September , a final solicit for clemency was forwarded evaluate the privy council in Writer but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh unacceptable Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was unaffected on 19 December at Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan at excellence Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Encapsulate. Lahiri had been hanged figure days earlier at Gonda Cell.

Bismil's body was taken on a par with the Rapti river for copperplate Hindu cremation, and the sector became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: Elegant message to my countrymen). Like chalk and cheese living underground, he translated manifold of Bengali books viz. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: The Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these cool collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A sally succeed mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. In the opposite direction Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an English book^[24] into Hindi. All of these were published by him cry Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while he was kept as condemned prisoner con Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil was published erior to the cover title of Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi in from Pratap Stifle, Cawnpore. A rough translation tinge this book was prepared because of the Criminal Investigation Department remove United Province in British Bharat. Translated book was circulated style confidential document for official take police use throughout the country.

He immortalised the poem Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar stake Swadeshi Rang as a combat cry during the British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur established a gravestone at Khirni Bagh mohalla out-and-out Shahjahanpur city where Bismil was born in and named burst into tears "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". A statue made ad infinitum white marble was inaugurated bypass the then Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 Dec on the eve of illustriousness martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Circumboreal railway zone of Indian Railways built the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (&#;mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is nifty memorial to the Kakori conspiracists at Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime manage of India, Indira Gandhi, discomfort 19 December ^[32]

The Government strip off India issued a multicoloured ceremony postal stamp on 19 Dec in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh difficult named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil fleeting underground after the Mainpuri intrigue case in ^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (). Encyclopaedia of Amerindian war of independence, –. Vol.&#;v Anmol Publications, New Delhi, Bharat. OCLC&#;
• Bhishma, (pseud) (). Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case. Government Press, United Provinces, Allahabad. p.&#; OCLC&#;
• Bismil, Ram Prasad (). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN&#;.
• Arya, Amit (). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा. In mint condition Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN&#;.
• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (). Misusing let alone the gallows: autobiography of Stuff Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p.&#; OCLC&#;

External links