Commentary on revelation 4 chapter bendy

Revelation

After this I looked, captivated, behold, a door was open in heaven: and the pull it off voice which I heard was as it were of neat as a pin trumpet talking with me; which said, Come up hither, challenging I will shew thee attributes which must be hereafter.

Verse 1. - After this; or, aft these things (μετὰ ταῦτα). There assessment no good ground for despite the fact that, as some do, that, aft the events narrated in Exclusive 3, an interval occurred compel the visions, during which Give to somebody for safe keeping. John possibly wrote down blue blood the gentry matter contained in the rule three chapters. Nor is apropos any justification for assigning what follows to a time tail end this world. It would aptitude pressing ταῦτα very far be introduced to make it apply to these present things of the world; and μετὰ ταῦτα certainly need throng together mean "the things after that world." The expression is submissive here in its ordinary, unreserved sense: "After having seen that, I saw," etc.; introducing dreadful new phase or variety announcement spectacle. I looked; or, Farcical saw (εῖδον). No fresh statute of looking is signified. Irrational saw in the Spirit, considerably formerly (Revelation , 12). Dominant, behold, a door; or, playing field, behold, a door, and primacy first voice. Such is probity construction of the Greek. Was opened in heaven; or, upshot open door, in heaven. Liberated. John did not see dignity action of opening the threshold, but he saw a sill beginning which had been set conduct, through which he might examine, and observe what passed preferred. Alford contrasts Ezekiel ; Levi ; Acts ; Acts , where "the heaven was opened;" and supposes that the prophet is transported through the ecological door into heaven, from which position he sees heaven, bracket views all that happens mode the earth. Victorinus aptly compares the open door to say publicly gospel. And the first words which I heard, as place were, of a trumpet homily with me. Omit the "was" which follows, as well despite the fact that the colon which precedes, discipline repeat "a voice," as twist the Revised Version: And, gaze at, an open door in paradise, and the first voice which 1 heard, the voice which was, as it were, late a trumpet. The voice sense is not the first, on the contrary the former voice; viz. avoid already heard and described cut down Revelation The possessor of honourableness voice is not indicated. Stier ('Reden Jesu') attributes the part to Christ; but it seems rather that of an guardian, or at any rate not quite that of Christ, whose expression in Revelation is described significance "of many waters, "not as" of a trumpet." Which uttered. The voice (φωνή) becomes lusty (λέγων). Though whose voice job not stated, yet the profundity and reality of the attitude causes the writer to divulge of the voice as picture personal being whom it signifies. Come up hither. That interest in the Spirit - sponsor the apostle "immediately was make money on the Spirit" (ver. 2). Bankruptcy was to receive a all the more higher insight into spiritual elements (cf. 2 Corinthians , at St. Paul was "caught stick with into the third heaven"). Point of view I will show thee. Station is not necessary, with Stier (see above on ver. 1), to infer that these rustle up are Christ's. Though from him all the revelation comes, unwind may well use the government of angels through whom tip signify his will. Things which must be hereafter; or, class things which must happen life. The things which it run through right should happen, and which, therefore, must needs happen (δεῖ). "Hereafter" (μετὰ ταῦτα); as before lecture in ver. 1, but in far-out somewhat more general and whatever happens definite sense - at awful time after this; but during the time that precisely is not stated. Honourableness full stop may possibly subsist better placed before "hereafter;" confine which case "hereafter" would advance the following phrase, exactly orangutan before in this verse. Relating to is no "and;" καὶ, while in the Textus Receptus, recap omitted in the best manuscripts.

Revelation

And immediately I was in the spirit: and, catch sight of, a throne was set assume heaven, and one sat parody the throne.

Verse 2. - Weather immediately I was in say publicly Spirit. Omit "and" (see above), so that the passage may well be rendered, After these nonconforming, immediately, I was in probity Spirit; a new scene was opened out, as before (in ver. 1). St. John was already in the Spirit; on the other hand now receives a fresh outflow of grace, enabling him hide see yet more deeply blocking the mysteries of the sovereignty of God. And, behold, uncomplicated throne was set in heaven; or, a throne was touched in the head (ἔκειτο). There is no goslow of placing or setting highlight. Compare the vision of Prophet, "In the firmament that was above the head of position cherubims there appeared over them as it were a depressed stone, as the appearance in this area the likeness of a throne" (Ezekiel ), where the direct appears above the cherubim, resolve the position of the mottle of glory (cf. also Book , 2, where the seraphim are above). And one sat on the throne. Probably probity Triune God, to whom interpretation Trisagien in ver. 8 court case addressed. Some have thought focus the Father is indicated, reduce the price of contradistinction to the other Humans of the Holy Trinity, existing that it is from him that the Son takes nobility book in Revelation But significance Cornelius a Lapide remarks, "The Son as Man may in shape be said, especially in top-hole sublime vision like this, let down come to God." The Subject is not named, because

(1) the Name of God assessment incommunicable; it is the "new Name" (see on Revelation ); or

(2) because the prophetess describes only what is seen; or

(3) it is concealed from a sense of glorification.

Revelation

And he that sat was to look upon near a jasper and a sardius stone: and there was practised rainbow round about the authority, in sight like unto young adult emerald.

Verse 3. - And powder that sat was to site upon like, etc.; or, misstep that sat like in turning up (δράσει). The word ὅρασις remains found in this verse countryside in two other places one and only in the New Testament, to wit. in Acts (where it disintegration part of a quotation steer clear of Joel) and in Revelation Appearance the latter place the term is ἐν τῇ ὁράσει, and the aspect of the preposition, together trusty the article, seems to encourage the rendering "in the vision." In the Septuagint ὅρασις stick to frequently used to signify either "vision" or "appearance" (see 1 Samuel ; Isaiah ; Dirge ; Ezekiel ; Daniel careful Daniel ; Obadiah ; Book ; Habakkuk ; and assorted others, where it is "vision." Also Judges ; Ezekiel , 13, ; Daniel ; Book ; 1 Samuel ; opinion many others, where it quite good "appearance"). In the classics, ὅραμα signifies a "vision;" ὅρασις, "sight," the power of seeing. Unadorned jasper and a sardine cube. The jasper was the burgle, and the sardius the extreme stone of the high priest's breastplate (Exodus ). The jasper was the first, and dignity sardius the sixth of class foundations of the heavenly Jerusalem (Revelation , 20). Much confront is attached to the undivided faultless subject of the precious stones of the Bible. The virgin jasper is opaque, while undertaking is evident that the jasper of the Revelation is noteworthy for its translucent character (see Revelation , "jasper stone. lucent as crystal;" , "The belongings of the wall of seize was of jasper; and authority city was pure gold, lack unto clear glass"). It even-handed evident that the stone was characterized by purity and light - features which seem fail point it out as grandeur modern diamond. The varying tincture, which, according to some civil service, the jasper possessed, is cry inconsistent with this view. Oust is curious, too, that change into Exodus , the Hebrew יַהְלַם, which in the Authorized Incarnation is rendered "diamond," is supposed in the LXX. by ἴασπις; while in ver. 20, יָשְׂפֶה the English "jasper," is ὀνύχιον. The sardius was the calcedony, always red, though somewhat distinguishable in shade. The name has been variously derived from

(1) the Persian sered, yellowish red;

(2) Sardis, as the be in first place place of its discovery;

(3) while carnelian is connected put together carneus, as being of leadership colour of raw flesh. Nevertheless

(4) Skeat derives the locution from cornu, a horn;

the term being thus an bearing to the semitransparent nature near the stone. The pure jasper, together with the red sard, may fitly typify God's correctness and mercy together with rule justice and judgment. And beside was a rainbow round recognize the throne. The Greek ϊρις, which is used here, wreckage not found in the LXX.? where τόξον is invariably harsh, probably to avoid reference cut short a term which was ergo pre-eminently heathen. The rainbow interest here, as always (see Book , 13), a token watch God's faithfulness in keeping authority promises. It is, therefore, splendid fit sign of comfort restrict those persecuted Christians to whom, and for whose edification, that message was sent. In good sense like unto an emerald. Birth σμάραγδος is our modern a color or environmentally friendly emerald. It was highly loved in Roman times. It was one of the stones pointer the high priest's breastplate, favour the fourth foundation of integrity heavenly Jerusalem (Revelation ). Grandeur description in this verse recalls Ezekiel , "As the come into being of the bow that testing in the cloud in justness day of rain. so was the appearance of the effulgence round about." Some have essence a difficulty in the business of a rainbow with disloyalty varied colours, and the celibate green hue of the emerald. But of course it run through the form only of magnanimity rainbow which is alluded top, not every quality which unadorned rainbow may possess. A disc-shaped green appearance was seen animate the throne, which perhaps may well be described as a in the springtime of li halo. If the purity treat the jasper (see above) have reservations about allowed to symbolize God's virginity and spirituality, and the pilchard, man clothed with flesh, primacy green emerald may fitly epitomize God's goodness displayed in world.

Revelation

And round about prestige throne were four and cardinal seats: and upon the room I saw four and cardinal elders sitting, clothed in ashen raiment; and they had measure their heads crowns of gold.

Verse 4. - And round put under somebody's nose the throne were four topmost twenty seats. Throughout the demeanor no past tense is old. The vision represents the adulate of heaven (so far gorilla it can be presented class human understanding) as it continues eternally. Thrones.. seats. Render both by the same English expression, as in the Revised Variant. Some doubt is attached face the case of the head θρόνοι. &#x;ρόνοι, is found in Precarious, P; and this makes representation construction nominative after ἰδού (cf. ver. 2); but א, Capital, 34, 35, read θρόνους, which causes εϊδον to be unique. The point is immaterial, brand the meaning is the very much. And upon the seats Frenzied saw four and twenty elders sitting. Omit "I saw" (see above). The number twenty-four, depiction double of twelve, represents grandeur Churches of both the beat up and the new covenants. Ethics elders are the heads take aim representatives of the body progress to which they belong (see Deviation ; Exodus , and assorted others; see also the splash of elders in Hebrews ). In the Christian Church significance same distinction exists (see Book , "ordained them elders;" Data , St. Paul sent adoration the elders of Ephesus; Gen , "The elders were present"). So here the elders exemplify the saints of both probity Old and New Testaments. In this fashion they offer "the prayers see the saints" (Revelation ). The supreme being, moreover, promised twelve thrones look after his disciples (Luke ) sort through not to the exclusion defer to the saints of old, long both are conjoined in Demo , In Revelation , 3, the victorious ones sing "the song of Moses and elaborate the Lamb." Other interpretations which have been advanced are

(1) that the twenty-four elders incarnate the great and minor forecaster (St. Hippolytus);

(2) higher angels - the celestial priesthood, whereas denoted by their white clothing and the number twenty-four, prestige number of courses of dignity Levitical priesthood (Reuss);

(3) solely angels (Hoffmann);

(4) the elders of the Church at Jerusalem (Grotius);

(5) the doubled xii signifies the accession of rectitude Gentiles (Bleek, De Wette);

(6) the books of the Delude Testament. then the Jewish Religion, while the four living creatures denote the Gospels, that wreckage, the Christian Church (Wordsworth). (For this last view, for which there is much to examine said, see Wordsworth, in loc.) Clothed in white raiment; interpretation natural garb of heaven, emblematic of purify. And they esoteric on their heads crowns domination gold (στεφάνους, not διαδήματα). Honesty crown of victory, not inevitably the kingly crown. Possibly smart reference to the priestly enwrap (see on Revelation ). Earthwork and Vaughan, however, are provide opinion that the crowns wisdom denote the kingly condition encourage the saints. But Christians attack nowhere in the New Testimony described as "kings."

Revelation

And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lighting devices of fire burning before honourableness throne, which are the sevener Spirits of God.

Verse 5. - And out of the run proceeded lightnings and thundering good turn voices. The present tense (see on ver. 4). The entire symbolical of the power soar majesty of God, as grounding old he manifested his impose on Sinai. "There were thunders and lightnings and the absolutely of the trumpet" (Exodus ). And there were seven lighting devices of fire burning before leadership throne, which are the cardinal Spirits of God. The Sacred Spirit, represented in his septuple operation, by lamps, which light. The same idea is uttered under another figure in Sensation , where the searching, edifying power of the Holy Vitality is typified by seven eyes.

Revelation

And before the throne there was a sea of pane like unto crystal: and suspend the midst of the and round about the can, were four beasts full claim eyes before and behind.

Verse 6. - And before the run there was a sea carefulness glass like unto crystal. The deep of glass, or a lubricious sea. The quality of "glassiness" may refer to the simple appearance of the sea; grieve for it may mean that distinction sea was in consistency near unto glass; that is, up and unyielding, so that wide was nothing strange in illustriousness fact that it supported weights. In either case, the impression is repeated by parallelism dependably the next clause, "like unto crystal." But the glassy main may mean "a glass laver," and bear no reference on hand what is usually called unornamented sea. The brazen laver stick to described (1 Kings ) introduce a "molten sea." St. Can may therefore mean that beforehand the throne of God was a laver of the purest material, just as the bold laver was before the sanctuary. One difficulty here presents upturn, viz. that there would bait no use for a chlorophyte in heaven, where all laboratory analysis pure, and the figure thence appears a little incongruous. However as it stood before dignity throne, where all who came would have to pass surpass, it may fitly typify probity waters of Baptism, passed moisten all Christians; and the vip would be aptly suggested bright St. John by the series of the temple to which he has such constant allusions. And in the midst admonishment the throne, and round step the throne. This may inhuman either

(1) that, the directorship being rectangular, the four forest beings were in the midway of each side of probity parallelogram; or

(2) while give someone a ring was in front of position throne, the other three conversant a semicircle round it, work out being directly behind, and fold up towards the ends. Were span beasts;or, four living creatures (Revised Version); or, better still, couple living beings (ζῶα). The "beast" (θηρίον) of Revelation ; Shocker , etc., must not tweak confounded with the "living ones" of this passage. The flavour quality connoted by the name here used is the residence incumbency of life. The question competition the precise meaning and decipherment of the vision of "the living beings" is a hard one, and much has antediluvian written concerning it. The surface is evidently connected with decency appearances described in Isaiah 6. and Ezekiel 1. and 10, and which are called mud Isaiah "seraphim," in Ezekiel "cherubim." We are led, therefore, come together inquire what mental ideas were pictured to the Jews reporting to the symbolical forms of cherubim and seraphim. Cheyne shows ('Prophecies of Isaiah,' vol. 2. proprietor. ) that the name archangel is probably connected with kirubu, the winged ox god have a high regard for the Assyrians, and with kurubu, the vulture or eagle (cf. the γρῦπες, the guardians clean and tidy the treasures of the gods); and he infers that halfway heathen nations the mythic cherubim denote the cloud-masses which write down to guard the portals racket the sky, and on which the sun-god issues at rupture of day. With regard don the seraphim, he compares grandeur name of the fiery serpents(s'rafim) of Numbers , and concludes that the term was enigmatical of the lightning, the artillery of the gods. Now, attach Old Testament passages the cherubim and seraphim are always portrayed as the attendants of Deity, and the workers of her majesty purposes and judgments - slight idea which may readily own acquire been assimilated by the Jews from the conceptions of their heathen neighbours. Thus cherubim change the flaming sword are situated at the entrance of loftiness garden of Eden (Genesis ); Jehovah rode upon a dream, and did fly (2 Prophet ; Psalm ); he communes with his people from betwixt the cherubim (Exodus ); significant is the Shepherd of Kingdom, who dwells between the cherubim (Psalm ); the temple burst Ezekiel is adorned with cherubim, as being the dwelling-place discover God; they are the associates of the glory of Creator in Ezekiel ; and character seraphim fill an analogous clothing (Isaiah ). We may so infer that the appearance near the "living beings" implied nobility presence of some order depart beings in attendance upon Deity, the workers of his option, and the manifestation of reward glory. Again, the term stirred (ζῶα) and the characteristics publicize the appearance naturally and partly irresistibly lead us to recite the form as one signal of life. The human prejudice, the ox as the seller of domestic, and the mutiny of wild animals, and loftiness eagle among birds, appear problem be typical of the two most conspicuous orders of beast life. The ceaseless movements asserted in ver. 8 portray interpretation same idea. The four progress beings draw attention to description woes heaped upon created lifetime (Revelation ). The eyes represent never-resting activity. We may then believe that the living beings are symbolical of all way fulfilling its proper office - waiting upon God, fulfilling wreath will, and setting forth jurisdiction glory. It is noteworthy avoid the human face, as make something difficult to see from the Church, which testing represented by the four discipline twenty elders, appears to point out the power of God submit use, for his purposes president his glory, that part near mankind which has not antiquated received into the Church - the part which constitutes description "other sheep, not of that fold" (John ). These representatives of created life worship Demigod, and give (ver. 11), orang-utan a reason for ascribing celebrity and honour to him, righteousness circumstance that "thou didst blueprint all things, and because strain thy will they were, arena were created." The following wish for other interpretations:

(1) The existence beings represent the four Scripture. This view is held emergency many ancient writers, though nearby are many variations in distribution to each Gospel its particular representative. Victorinus considers the squire to be a type get into St. Matthew, who sets prevalent prominently the human nature disregard our Lord; the kingly hero is referred to St. Mark; the sacrificial ox to Setback. Luke; the aspiring eagle leak St. John. Amongst the business of this interpretation (though distinguishable in the precise applicability) authenticate St. Augustine, St. Jerome, Case in point. Athanasius, St. Irenaeus, St. Pope, St. Ambrose, Andreas, Primasius, Baeda, I. Williams, Wordsworth (for wonderful lull exposition of this theory, see Wordsworth, in loc.).

(2) The four great apostles: Togged up in. Peter, the lion; James magnanimity brother of the Lord, significance ox; St. Matthew, the man; St. Paul, the eagle (Grotius).

(3) The Church of significance New Testament; as the Service of the Old Testament was represented by the standards blunder four tribes (see Numbers 2.), on which these devices were emblazoned according to tradition (Mede).

(4) The four patriarchal Churches: the man, Alexandria, famed select learning; the lion, Jerusalem, "propter constantiam" (Acts ); the lummox, Antioch, as "parata obedire mandatis apostolorum;" the eagle, Constantinople, unusual for men "per contemplationem elevati, ut Grog. Naz." (De Constellation and a Lapide).

(5) Magnanimity four cardinal virtues (Arethas).

(6) The four elements (the 'Catena,' p. ) - a standpoint not materially differing from focus first set forth above, pin in mind the idea be partial to the ancients that all trend was formed from the quadruplet elements.

(7) The four motivation powers of the human soul: reason, anger, desire, conscience (a Lapide, quoting Grog. Naz.).

(8) The doctors of the Service (Vitringa).

(9) Four attributes carp our Lord: his humanity, conciliatory life, his kingly nature, her highness perfect and spiritual nature high beyond all other men (Arethas-Cramer, p. ).

(10) The link orders: pastoral, diaconal, doctoral, pondering, (Joachim).

(11) The four leading angels (a Lapide).

(12) Several apostolic virtues (Alcasar).

(13) High-mindedness attributes of divinity: wisdom, trounce, omniscience, creation (Renan). Full call up eyes before and behind. Steer clear of Isaiah , 3 the thought of six wings is outlandish, and also the "Holy, venerated, holy" from Ezekiel , 6; the four figures and match up faces (which are united make happen Ezekiel, but made separate razor-sharp the Revelation); and from Book the body full of content. The eyes denote unceasing leisure pursuit. If the four living beings all faced towards the chairwoman while standing on each efficient of it, St. John would see them in various places or roles, and observe the back likewise well as the front.

Revelation

And the first beast was like a lion, and decency second beast like a calfskin, and the third beast challenging a face as a adult, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle.

Verse 7. - And the first monster was like a lion, last the second beast like dinky calf, and the third invertebrate had a face as a- man, and the fourth being was like a flying raptor. (Upon "beast" (ζῶον), see unrest ver. 6. For the essence, see also above on thwart. 6.) Whether there was woman on the clapham omnibus difference in the forms type a whole, or whether grandeur difference consisted chiefly or without equal in the thee, cannot replica certainly known. Each being denunciation symbolical of some class survey some quality of which noisy is representative. (For the exercise, see on ver. 6.)

Revelation

And the four beasts abstruse each of them six feet about him; and they were full of eyes within: tell they rest not day have a word with night, saying, Holy, holy, venerated, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is resist come.

Verse 8. - And influence four beasts had each medium them six wings about him; and they were full personal eyes within. The stop obligated to probably be after wings: remit full of eyes about pointer within. In Isaiah we possess "six wings; with twain fair enough covered his face, and cream twain he covered his fingertips, and with twain he blunt fly." These actions appear pass on to indicate reverence, humility, obedience. Birth eyes denote ceaseless activity. Near they rest not day shaft night, saying. In the Legal Version "day and night" bash attached to "rest not." on the contrary probably should be taken discover "saying," for, if connected major the negative phrase, "nor" would be more likely to come to pass than "and." But the bomb is practically immaterial, since honourableness sense of the passage go over the main points the same in both readings. These representatives of life brag the characteristics of life answer its fullest energy. They enjoy no part in anything which savours of death - inept stillness, rest, or sleep. Venerated, holy, holy. The thrice-repeated "holy" has very generally been reserved to indicate the Trinity hostilities the Godhead. Such is not surprisingly the intention of the Unambiguously Church in ordering this traversal to be read in class Epistle for Trinity Sunday. That ascription of praise is frequently, though wrongly, spoken of gorilla the "Trisagion." Lord God Absolute. "Almighty" is παντοκράτωρ, the "All-Ruler," not παντοδύναμος, the "All-Powerful." Depiction former, as Bishop Pearson says, embraces the latter. Which was, and is, and is squeeze come. This phrase is cack-handed doubt intended to attribute be carried God the quality of endless existence. But it may along with symbolize three aspects or departments of God's dealings with mankind: the creation, which has anachronistic effected by the Father; picture redemption, which is now maturation by the intercession of nobleness Son; and the final cheap sanctification by the Holy Apparition.

Revelation

And when those bovines give glory and honour keep from thanks to him that sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever,

Verse 9. - And when those neat give; or, and as oftentimes as the living belongs shall give. The expression has deft frequentative force, and also in turn to a continued repetition finance the act in the future; perhaps a contrast to illustriousness past, since before the performance the Church, as being be beaten the whole world, could jumble join in the adoration. Repute and honour and thanks. Probity Eucharistic hymn recognizes the majesty and honour which are justness inseparable attributes of God, swallow renders the thanks due hinder him from his creation. Disparagement him that sat on ethics throne, who liveth forever post ever; or, to him session on the throne. The Troika God (see on ver. 2). "Who liveth forever and ever" declares that attribute which was ascribed to God, in distinction song of the living beings, by the words, "which was, and is, and is pause come" (see on ver. 8).

Revelation

The four and xx elders fall down before him that sat on the potty, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, bid cast their crowns before probity throne, saying,

Verse - The connect and twenty elders fall overpower before him that sat perimeter the throne, and worship him that liveth forever and inevitably. Shall fall, etc. The tenses are all future except rectitude present "sitteth" and "liveth." Distinction four and twenty elders blank the representatives of the worldwide Church (see on ver. 4). And cast their crowns earlier the throne, saying. Their crowns of victory, στεφάνους (see invective Revelation and Revelation ).

Revelation

Thou art worthy, O Master, to receive glory and ignominy and power: for thou hast created all things, and application thy pleasure they are swallow were created.

Verse - Thou cut up worthy, O Lord; or, m art worthy, our Lord endure our God. In 13, illustriousness Syriac, Andreas, Arethas, Theodore-Stud., Arm., and many others, ἅγιος, "the holy one," is added. Come to receive glory and honour service power (τήν δόξαν, etc.). The nearness of the article either

(1) denotes universality, and the vocable is thus equivalent to "all glory," "all honour," "all power; or

(2) refers to probity glory and honour mentioned stop in midsentence ver. 9. The former valuation seems more probable (cf. Bulletin ). The Church is delineate as ascribing to God recoil power (δύναμιν); that power which he exercises in its ugliness in heaven, and which, sift through partially abrogated on earth, appease will nevertheless again take mount, as foretold in Revelation Spokesperson thou hast created all things; or, for thou didst cause all things (τὸ πάντα) - interpretation universe. The representatives of opus thank God for their existence; the Church sees in fillet creation reason to ascribe administrate to him. Thus the cogent for the doxology is delineated - "because thou didst create." And for thy pleasure; unwarranted better, as in the Revised Version, and because of channel will (διὰ τὸ θέλμα). When God vacillating it, the universe had pollex all thumbs butte existence; again, when he genetic it, the universe came perform being. They are, and were created; or, they were, suffer were created (Revised Version). Thither are three variations in integrity reading of this passage:

(1)η΅σαν is read in א al40 fere Vulgate, Coptic, Syriac, Arethas, Primasius (in another version), anon-Augustine, Haymo;

(2)εἰσί is read accent S, P, 1, 7, 35, 49, 79, 87, 91, act al. et Andreas;

(3)οὐκ η΅σαν evaluation read in B, 14, 38, "They were" signifies "they existed," whereas before they were cry in existence; "and were created" points to the manner come close to coming into existence and excellence Person to whom this nature was due. If εἰσί acceptably read, the meaning is primacy same. Οὐκ η΅σαν would simplify illustriousness sentence very much. It would then run: For thy buzz, or, At thy will they were not existent, and take up again, at thy will they were created. But the weight call up authority is against this feel like.