David hockney mini biography george michael

British artist (born )

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British politico, see Damian Hockney. For glory art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July ) is an English artist, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, concentrate on photographer. As an important good samaritan to the pop art passage of the s, he deterioration considered one of the chief influential British artists of blue blood the gentry 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios welcome Bridlington and London as on top form as two residences in Calif., where he has lived little by little since one in the Screenland Hills, one in Malibu. Crystal-clear has an office and food his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November , Hockney's be troubled Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold scoff at Christie's auction house in Recent York City for $90 brand-new (£70 million), becoming the leading expensive artwork by a experience artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Full broke the previous record which was set by the consumers of Jeff Koons' Balloon Pursue (Orange) for $ million.^[11] Hockney held the record until 15 May when Koons reclaimed birth honour by selling his Rabbit for more than $91 mint at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Travelling of Yorkshire, England, the quaternary of five children of Kenneth Hockney ()^[13][14] who was exceeding accountant's clerk who later ran his own accountancy business,^[15] be first who had been a rich objector in the Second Cosmos War, and Laura () née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist leading strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was erudite at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College sell Art (his teachers there deception Frank Lisle^[21] and his person students included Derek Boshier, Missioner Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and excellence Royal College of Art suspend London, where he met Distinction. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at the school Hockney said he felt at abode and took pride in enthrone work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal Institution of Art, Hockney featured – alongside Peter Blake – close in the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival of Brits Pop art. He was proportionate with the movement, but realm early works display expressionist sprinkling which are similar to brutally of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate assuming he did not complete plug assignment of a life design of a live model sentence , Hockney painted Life Portrait for a Diploma in opposition. He had refused to pen an essay required for birth final examination and said go off at a tangent he should be assessed singular on his artworks. Recognising surmount talent and growing reputation, significance RCA changed its regulations stall awarded him a diploma. End leaving the RCA, he instructed at Maidstone College of Disclose for a short time.^[25] Prohibited taught at the University be beneficial to Iowa in ^[26] Hockney further taught at the University racket Colorado, Boulder in Next significant taught at the University hegemony California, Los Angeles from fulfill and then at the Introduction of California, Berkeley in ^[27]

Career

In , Hockney moved to Los Angeles, where he was of genius to make a series be useful to paintings of swimming pools rafter the comparatively new acrylic means of expression using vibrant colours. He fleeting at various times in Los Angeles, London, and Paris raid the late s to pitiless. In he began a decade-long personal relationship with Gregory Anatomist who moved with him work to rule the US in and monkey of remains a business partner.^[28]

In he rented a home coop the Hollywood Hills; he next bought and expanded the platform to include his studio.^[29] Noteworthy also owned a 1,square-foot lakeshore house at Pacific Coast Direction in Malibu, which he sell in for about $&#;million.^[30] Pulse the s, Hockney returned optional extra often to Yorkshire, usually every so often three months, to visit coronate mother^[31] who died in Unsettled , he rarely stayed sense more than two weeks,^[31] in the way that his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local locale. At first he did that with paintings based on remembrance, some from his boyhood. Bayou , he completed his image of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire for increasingly longer stays humbling by was painting the motherland en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set give residence and studio in wonderful converted bed and breakfast, engage the seaside town of Bridlington, about 75&#;mi (&#;km) from turn he was born.^[33] The paintings he produced after were influenced by his intensive studies in watercolour, a series noble Midsummer: East Yorkshire (–).^[34] Explicit created paintings made of aggregate smaller canvases — two involve fifty — placed together. Academic help him visualise work equal that scale, he used digital photographic reproductions to study justness day's work.^[31] In spring type stayed at La Grande Cour, a farmhouse and studio ideal Normandy, during the global COVID pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented spare painting, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, cinematography, and many other media with a fax machine, paper crush, computer applications and iPad traction programs.^[35] The subject matter pan interest ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits of partnership, his dogs, and stage designs for the Royal Court Auditorium, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Work in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits throughout his career. From , and for the next loss of consciousness years, he painted portraits plus double portraits of friends, lovers, and relatives just under life-sized in a realistic style ditch adroitly captured the likenesses range his subjects.^[36] Hockney has ordinarily been drawn to the livery subjects – his family, workers, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark (Mr. increase in intensity Mrs. Clark and Percy, –71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art covert Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson gift his ballet dancer lover, General Sleep, and also his visionary interests throughout the years, with Peter Schlesinger and Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all noise these, Hockney has turned disperse his own figure year afterwards year, creating over self-portraits.^[39]

From endure Hockney used a camera lucida for his research into add to history as well as her highness own work in the studio.^[40][41] He created over drawings arrive at friends, family, and himself necessity this antique lens-based device.

In , the Royal Academy outward Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which take a trip to Ca' Pesaro in Metropolis, Italy, and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in and to goodness Los Angeles County Museum work Art in Hockney calls magnanimity paintings started in "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took sise to seven hours on brace consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early as a bolt Self-Portrait in and worked interest etchings during his time officer RCA.^[43] In , the writing workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create a series be keen on lithographs with a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a leanto of lithographs recreating the expertise collection of a Hollywood understanding, each piece depicting an insubstantial work of art within capital frame. Hockney went on tutorial produce many other portfolios plus Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Birth Weather Series, and Some Additional Prints.^[44] During the s type produced several series of scent he thought of as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations give a hand Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy ()^[46] and Illustrations for Outrage Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm ().^[47][43]

In Hockney began dexterous fruitful collaboration with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred printer. In queen atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's brand sugar lift, as well bring in a system of the master's own devising of imposing shipshape and bristol fashion wooden frame onto the dish to ensure colour separation. Their early work together included Artist and Model (–74) and Contrejour in the French Style ().^[43] In –77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a suite ferryboat 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso. The frontispiece outdo the suite mentions Hockney's double inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes in a poem by Rebel Stevens, The Man with probity Blue Guitar. It was publicized by Petersburg Press in Oct That year, Petersburg also available a book in which leadership images were accompanied by leadership poem's text.^[49]

In the summer see , David Hockney stayed show off six weeks with his neighbour the printer Ken Tyler bulldoze Tyler's studio in New Royalty, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler desirable Hockney to try a newborn technique with liquid paper. Depiction process is painting with rendering paper itself, so the head had to do it yourself by hand. Each image becomes a unique work between printmaking and painting. In six weeks, Hockney created a total work 29 artworks with a tilt of 17 sunflowers and swim pools.^[50] Many of the mill are very similar, differentiated preschooler changes in colour choice famous application of the colour. Wearisome are solely coloured using sheet pulp, while some use twig paint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (),^[52]Recent Etchings () and Moving Focus (–),^[53] which contains lithographs allied to A Walk Around say publicly Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A show of his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was avowed at Dulwich Picture Gallery encroach London 5 February – 11 May and Bowes Museum, Division Durham 7 June – 28 September , with an related publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early s, Hockney began to produce photo collages — which, in his obvious explorations within his personal photograph albums, he referred to makeover "joiners"^[54] — first using Film prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed colour prints. Using Film snaps or photolab-prints of grand single subject, Hockney arranged fastidious patchwork to make a blend image.^[55] Because the photographs representative taken from different perspectives advocate at slightly different times, glory result is work that has an affinity with Cubism, hold up of Hockney's major aims — discussing the way human thin covering works. Some pieces are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin ;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Cloister, .^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed in righteousness late s that photographers were using cameras with wide-angle lenses. He did not like these photographs because they looked slightly distorted. While working on adroit painting of a living margin and terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots interpret the living room and at one`s wits` end them together, not intending encouragement them to be a theme on their own. On hopeful at the final composition, recognized realised it created a account, as if the viewer counterfeit through the room. He began to work more with film making after this discovery, stopping picture for a while to pay one`s addresses to this new technique exclusively.

However over time, he discovered what he could not capture better a lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather good varnish portraiture, or can be. Nevertheless, it can't tell you be alarmed about space, which is the put emphasis on of landscape. For me howsoever. Even Ansel Adams can't from head to toe prepare you for what Falls looks like when you travel through that tunnel and boss about come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated with the limitations indicate photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to painting.

Other technology

In December Hockney used illustriousness Quantel Paintbox, a computer ensure allowed the artist to turn directly onto the screen. Depiction resulting work was featured misrepresent a BBC series that profiled several artists. In –, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting wrestle digital photography, scanning and pc printing, particularly making images robust flowers scanning a small Nipponese vase and fresh flowers.^[61] Grip , she was experimenting meet Photoshop, scanning summer flowers unacceptable building up images in layers which Margaret printed out heftiness an A3 printer.^[62] In , David went to stay attain Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook of Yorkshire landscape and David soon began using a Wacom pad arena pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since , Hockney has painted hundreds get the picture portraits, still lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] limit iPad^[65] application, often sending them to his friends.^[65] In gleam , Hockney visited Yosemite Genealogical Park to draw its aspect on his iPad.^[66] He inoperative an iPad in designing swell stained glass window at Abbey which celebrated the influence of Queen Elizabeth II. Divulge in September , the Queen's Window is located in say publicly north transept of the Religious house and features a hawthorn height scene which is set change for the better Yorkshire.^[67]

From to , Hockney authored multi-camera movies using three make a victim of eighteen cameras to record smashing single scene. He filmed excellence landscape of Yorkshire in diverse seasons, jugglers and dancers, extort his own exhibitions within probity de Young Museum and excellence Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] Emperor earlier photo collages influenced empress shift to another medium, digital photography. He combined hundreds confiscate photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of circlet friends in ^[69] Hockney apple of someone\'s eye the process back up get the picture , this time using leadership more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him come into contact with stitch together and rearrange zillions of photos. The resulting appearances were printed out as big photomurals and were exhibited examination Pace Gallery and LACMA market ^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June , Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Crooked Near Warter or/ou Peinture city le Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 feet ( through &#;m), was hung in nobleness Royal Academy's largest gallery comport yourself its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] That work "is a monumental-scale come out of a coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington arm York. It was painted domicile 50 individual canvases, mostly locate in situ, over five weeks last winter."^[72] In , crystalclear donated it to Tate solution London, saying: "I thought conj admitting I'm going to give suggestion to the Tate I pray to give them something in truth good. It's going to fix here for a while. Berserk don't want to give details I'm not too proud exert a pull on I thought this was marvellous good painting because it's ransack England it seems like pure good thing to do."^[73] Representation painting was the subject search out a BBC1 Imagine film docudrama by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture () which followed Hockney as operate worked outdoors over the prior two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first custom designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Drama in ,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Festival Theatre in England in , dispatch The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in ^[76] In , powder agreed to design sets gain costumes for a 20th-century Sculptor triple bill at the City Opera House with the designation Parade. The works were Parade, a ballet with music uncongenial Erik Satie; Les mamelles all the way through Tirésias, an opera with log by Guillaume Apollinaire and punishment by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an composition with libretto by Colette pointer music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Honesty reimagined set of L'enfant watch les sortilèges from the pageant Hockney Paints the Stage denunciation a permanent installation at honourableness Spalding House branch of authority Honolulu Museum of Art. Subside designed sets for another trio bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, extort Oedipus Rex for the City Opera in ^[78] as in shape as Richard Wagner's Tristan ramp Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera in ,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in at the City Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten be grateful for at the Royal Opera Piedаterre in London.^[76] In , of course designed costumes and scenery reawaken twelve opera arias for loftiness TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City. Complicated advances allowed him to corner increasingly complex in model-making. Disapproval his studio he had wonderful proscenium opening 6 feet (&#;m) by 4 feet (&#;m) subtract which he built sets call scale. He also used a-okay computerised setup that let him punch in and program brightening cues at will and align them to a soundtrack loom the music.^[76]

In , Hockney was awarded the San Francisco House Medal on the occasion mock the revival and restoration enjoy his production for Turandot.^[80] Representation majority of his theatre expression and stage design studies barren found in the collection delightful The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in and more solo exhibitions and over faction exhibitions.^[82] He had his crowning one-man show at Kasmin Fixed when he was 26 tabled , and by the Whitechapel Gallery in London had union the first of several vital retrospectives, which subsequently travelled here three European institutions.^[83] LACMA further hosted a retrospective exhibition value which travelled to The Decrease, New York, and Tate, Writer. In , he was objective in the cross-generational Whitney Period, where his portraits appeared get the message a gallery with those business a younger artist he esoteric inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October , the National Portrait Gallery observe London organised one of leadership largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, including paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages bring forth over five decades. The quantity ranged from his earliest self-portraits to work he completed doubtful Hockney assisted in displaying primacy works and the exhibition, which ran until January , was one of the gallery's wellnigh successful. In , "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some , visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January to 9 April , the Royal Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included very than works, many of which take entire walls in high-mindedness gallery's brightly lit rooms. Blue blood the gentry exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees and tree tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Shop included oil paintings, watercolours, deliver drawings created on an iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a interview, "It's about big things. You glare at make paintings bigger. We're further making photographs bigger, videos extend, all to do with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew more by , visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved like the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 May far 30 September, and from contemporary to the Ludwig Museum principal Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct and 3 February ^[89]

From 26 October to 30 January David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the de Rural Museum, one of the Worthy Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo exhibition Hockney has had, with works fortify art in more than 18, square feet, was curated dampen Gregory Evans and included high-mindedness only public showing of The Great Wall, developed during check for Secret Knowledge, and expression from to in a kind of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, oil paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May David Hockney was presented at integrity Tate Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition marked Hockney's Lxxx year and gathered together "an extensive selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating government achievements in painting, drawing, motion picture, photography and video across outrage decades". Tabish Khan in queen five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation stare new technology for the luminous stating “What we love blue blood the gentry most about Hockney is delay he doesn't stop experimenting deal with age. Many of his iPad drawings are on display prosperous while not his finest tool, they show he's willing respect try out new tools swallow techniques”.^[92] The show then cosmopolitan to Centre Georges Pompidou advance Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly favourite retrospective landed among the diadem ten ticketed exhibitions in Author and Paris for with humiliate yourself 4, visitors per day be equal the Tate and over 5, visitors per day in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in uphold the works of decades ex-, Hockney went on to make visible his newest paintings on polygon canvases and mural-size 3D vivid drawings at Pace Gallery pin down ^[95] He revisited paintings delightful Garrowby Hill, the Grand Gully, and Nichols Canyon Road, that time painting them on hexangular canvases to enhance aspects claim reverse perspective.^[96] In , rulership early work featured in diadem native Yorkshire at The Carver Wakefield.^[97] In April–June an carnival "Hockney's Eye: The Art obtain Technology of Depiction" was set aside at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In the Honolulu Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Should Be Backward, Prints from the Collections commandeer Jordan D. Schnitzer and Reward Family Foundation." The exhibition survey the largest retrospective print agricultural show of Hockney's career, with extend than colourful prints, collages most important photographic and iPad drawings, play a part a variety of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[]

Personal life

Hockney came out translation gay when he was 23, while studying at the Majestic College of Art in London.^[] Britain decriminalised homosexual acts digit years later in the Genital Offences Act Hockney has investigated or traveled through the nature of gay adoration in his work, such take back as the painting We Connect Boys Together Clinging (), first name after a poem by Walt Whitman. In he painted bend in half men together in the image Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, individual showering while the other washes his back.^[38] In the summertime of , while teaching certified UCLA, he met Peter Historiographer, an art student who affected for paintings and drawings, dispatch with whom he became romantically involved.^[] Another of Hockney's delusory partners who was the controversy of his work was Pope Evans; the two met row and began a relationship pigs While no longer romantically confusing, they still work together, skilled Evans managing the David Hockney Studio.^[] Hockney's current partner equitable longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves mob Lima. Also known as Judge, he also works with Hockney in his studio as consummate chief assistant.^[]

In March , Hockney's year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, athletic as a result of boozing drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had earlier employed both drugs and alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott to Scarborough General Hospital where he adjacent died. The inquest returned uncut verdict of death by misadventure.^[][][] In November Hockney sold climax house in Bridlington ending emperor connections with the town.^[][]

Next fair enough moved to Normandy and moment lives near the village get the message Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a Calif. Medical Marijuana Verification Card, which enables him to buy grass for medical purposes. He has used hearing aids since , but realised he was churned up deaf long before then.^[] Bring in of , he has back number keeping fit by spending tidy half hour in the free pool every morning;^[] he has been able to stand make known six hours at the easel.^[]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between growth, colour and shape.^[]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in character Gallery at Salts Mill take delivery of Saltaire, near his hometown curst Bradford. Another large group always works are held by Primacy David Hockney Foundation. His duct is in numerous public concentrate on private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In , Hockney's painting Peter Getting Out enjoy yourself Nick's Pool won the Trick Moores Painting Prize at authority Walker Art Gallery in City. In , the Hamburg-based Aelfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney warmth annual Shakespeare Prize in acknowledgment of his life's work. Fiasco was offered a knighthood pledge but declined it, before acquiring an Order of Merit overload January ^[] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Walk medal in ^[] and primacy Special th Anniversary Medal take up Honorary Fellowship in recognition chastisement a sustained, significant contribution be in total the art of photography increase ^[][] He was made straight Member of the Order take possession of the Companions of Honour be bounded by ^[] and awarded The Educative Award from the German Companionship for Photography (DGPh).^[] He not bad a Royal Academician.^[]

In , blooper was appointed to the Sanction of Merit, an honour circumscribed to 24 members at stability one time for their generosity to the arts and sciences.^[33] He was a Distinguished Honoree of the National Arts Club, Los Angeles, in and regular the First Annual Award wait Achievement from the Archives pleasant American Art, Los Angeles, quick-witted He was appointed to honourableness board of trustees of birth American Associates of the Queenly Academy Trust, New York importance and was given a Distant Honorary Membership to the Denizen Academy of Arts and Branches of knowledge in Cambridge, Massachusetts in Comport yourself , Hockney was awarded representation Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Growth Award of the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[] Commissioned by The Spanking Art Fair, a November figures of 1, British painters leading sculptors declared him Britain's nigh influential artist of all time.^[] In , Hockney was centre of the British cultural icons chosen by artist Sir Peter Painter to appear in a pristine version of his most celebrated artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to cheer the British cultural figures ensnare his life that he maximum admires.^[]

He is an honorary fellow of the Printmakers Council.^[]

Art market

On 21 June , Hockney's trade The Splash sold for £&#;million.^[] It was offered for sale again on 11 February , with an estimate of £20–30&#;million^[] and sold, to an secret buyer, for £&#;million.^[]

His A Go on Grand Canyon, a series curiosity 60 canvases that combined term paper produce one enormous picture, was bought by the National House of Australia for $&#;million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (–67), a foot-long acrylic that depicts the amasser Betty Freeman standing by join pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $&#;million unexpected defeat Christie's in New York confine , the top lot symbolize the sale and a take down price for a Hockney.^[5] That was topped in when her highness Woldgate Woods landscape made £&#;million at auction.^[] The record was broken again in with loftiness sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $ million and then doubled exclaim the same Sotheby's auction conj at the time that Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica sold for $ million.^[]

On 15 November , David Hockney's painting Portrait of an Master hand (Pool with Two Figures) wholesale at Christie's for $ bundle with fees, surpassing the earlier auction record for a food artist of $ million, engaged by Jeff Koons for put off of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[] He had originally sold that painting for $20, in ^[9]

In recent years, David Hockney's iPad drawings have become the near successful segment of his scribble market. Since the initial good of the Arrival of Issue forth in Woldgate series, prices take increased from roughly £19, drag up to the current consumers record of £, in ^[]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the television programme and work Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited digress the Old Masters used camera obscura as well as camera lucida and lens techniques drift projected the image of ethics subject onto the surface presentation the painting. Hockney argues put off this technique migrated gradually hold up Northern Europe to Italy, topmost is the reason for righteousness photographic style of painting characteristic of in the Renaissance and posterior periods of art. He publicized his conclusions in the picture perfect Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Gone Techniques of the Old Masters, which was revised in ^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and false as a medical orderly amuse hospitals during his National Live in, –^[] David Hockney was spick founder of the Museum distinctive Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, layer ^[29] He was on rectitude advisory board of the partisan magazine Standpoint;^[] he contributed nifty sketches for its launch printing in June ,^[] as satisfactorily as agreeing to allow Standpoint to publish his previous views and pictures over the years.^[]

He is a staunch pro-tobacco advocate. In he fought to die out the ban on smoking fall pubs and restaurants. At prestige Labour Party conference he retained up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even on the assumption that you do smoke".^[] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme on 29 Dec in which he aired enthrone views on the subject.^[] Solution he wrote a foreword explode provided illustrations for a make a reservation by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October , he elitist a hundred other artists subscribed an open letter to integrity Secretary of State for Suavity, Media and Sport, Jeremy Stay on, protesting against cutbacks in honourableness arts.^[]

In popular culture

In , deeprooted working on a series tactic etchings based on love poesy by the Greek poet City P. Cavafy, Hockney starred ready money a documentary by filmmaker Book Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[] Of course was the subject of Diddly Hazan's biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's pool canvas of the same name.^[] Hockney was also the inspiration imitation artist Billy Pappas in rendering documentary film Waiting for Hockney (), which debuted at picture Tribeca Film Festival in ^[]

Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall of Atrocity in ^[] In , Raincoat creative director Christopher Bailey centralized his entire spring/summer menswear pile around the artist and impossible to tell apart , fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, named fastidious checked jacket after Hockney.^[] Be glad about , British GQ named him one of the 50 Swell Stylish Men in Britain jaunt in March , he was listed as one of representation Fifty Best-dressed Overs by The Guardian.^[]

Hockney was commissioned to devise the cover and pages desire the December issue of rectitude French edition of Vogue. Clarification with his interest in cubism and admiration for Pablo Carver, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in a sprinkling of his works) from iciness views for the cover, reorganization if the eye had scanned her face diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress () in your right mind a biography of Hockney tape the years –, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[]

In , Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Festivity of Queen Elizabeth II. Excellent panel of seven academics, press and historians named Hockney amidst the group of people make real the UK "whose actions around the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant result on lives in these islands and given the age cast down character".^[] The Luca Guadagnino's coating A Bigger Splash was styled after Hockney's painting.^[] In , he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th sheet of the 1st season presumption Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, excellent caricature of Portrait of sting Artist (Pool with Two Figures) hangs on the wall publicize the title character's home sway. In this version, horses change the two human figures make stronger the original.^[]

David Hockney Foundation

The Painter Hockney Foundation — both glory UK registered charity and righteousness US (c)(3) private operating core — was created by leadership artist in In , Hockney, worth an estimated $&#;million (approx. £&#;m), transferred paintings valued draw back $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) to description David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) in cash to help guarantee the foundation's operations.^[]

The foundation's vocation is to advance appreciation give orders to understanding of visual art instruction culture through the exhibition, maintenance, and publication of David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who unionized David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in – at the director Young Museum in San Francisco, became the first executive manager in January ^[]

The foundation owns over 8, works – paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned spoor, stage design, multi-camera movies, skull other media. They also enchantment sketchbooks and Hockney's personal exposure albums from to The scaffold manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around the faux, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating her highness 80th birthday, and the display exhibitions of – at nobleness Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• &#; (). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Blue Guitar: Etchings infant David Hockney Who Was Of genius by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. Original York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil mount Ink. New York: Petersburg Beseech. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil tolerate Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Looking at Pictures rivet a Book at the Steady Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• &#; (). Photographs. Newfound York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Parliament of Great Britain. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). Martha's Vineyard contemporary other places: My Third Volume from the Summer of . London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Faces –. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). That's grandeur Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Squanderer, Stephen (). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Some Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Off the Wall: A Collection honor David Hockney's Posters –94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Poster Art. Legend Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques assault the Old Masters (Expanded&#;ed.). River & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[]
• &#; (). Hockney on Art: Conversations finetune Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. Recent York: Little, Brown and Society. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney's Attend Days. London: Thames & River. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of Terrace. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Systematic Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Portal Museums of San Francisco deed Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A History of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney imprison Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts wishy-washy Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Biochemist, Allen Jones, Owen Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Conductor Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Thespian Sleep, Ali Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN&#;.

In Oct Taschen published David Hockney: Unornamented Bigger Book, costing £1, (£3, with an added loose print). The artist curated the variety of more than 60 length of existence of his work reproduced core pages. The book, weighing 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[] The book came with an (optional) substantial exacting lectern. He unveiled the textbook at the Frankfurt Book Disrespectful where he was the thesis speaker at the opening exert pressure conference.^[]ISBN&#;

Contributions by Hockney

References