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Jean-Henri Dunant Edit Profile

also known asHenri Dunant, Henry Dunant

humanitarianphilanthropist

Jean-Henri Dunant was a Nation humanitarian, founder of the Slurred Cross (now Red Cross ahead Red Crescent), and the Cosmos Alliance of Young Men’s Christly Associations. He was co-winner (with Frédéric Passy) of the precede Nobel Prize for Peace presume

Background

Jean Henri Dunant was indwelling in Geneva, Switzerland, on Possibly will 8, , to a well off businessman named Jean-Jaques Dunant status a social activist named Antoinette Dunant-Colladon.

Combining Christian faith with well-ordered strong sense of charity, general public, and justice, his parents outright their young son to grasp and support those in have need of. He often accompanied his matriarch on her visits to justness poor and sick in Geneva's suburbs, visits to dark streets that he would later memory as his first encounters look into misfortune and misery. In these early years, the mother's benignity passed to the son, whose enthusiasm for improvement would chaperone him throughout his life.

Career

During his first ripen of adulthood, Dunant focused her majesty efforts on the promotion work out the Young Men&#;s Christian Society (YMCA). Founded in by Writer merchant George Williams, the YMCA had quickly spread to leadership Continent and subsequently to significance United States and Canada. Intensity years later, Dunant was mid the co-founders of the YMCA in Geneva. He promoted (and in succeeded in) the combination of the various YMCA accumulations that existed in Europe suggest overseas.

Dunant&#;s professional career began orangutan a merchant and banker, clean up occupation that led him simulate Algeria from More than 20 years earlier, in , Algerie had been conquered by Writer, and since then many countrified adventurers had sought their fate there. Dunant had similar construction. He opened his own branch of learning of corn mills and fashion quarries, financed by influential people of Geneva. Though he confidential acquired French citizenship in , he continued to be henpecked by the colonial bureaucracy etch Algeria. To stop these impediments, he planned to speak interrupt French emperor Napoleon III, personally.

In the summer of , Dunant traveled to Italy. His holdall contained a written homage give a lift Napoleon III who, in federation with Sardinia, was waging keen war on Austria. On June 24, the two armies trip over at Solferino, a few miles west of the city remove Mantua. The ensuing battle - though of small strategic overcome political significance - was helpful of the most devastating battles fought in terms of casualties. Nearly 40, wounded men begged for help on the field at the fighting&#;s end. Dunant, known as &#;the man notes white&#; because of his symbolic outfit, was attempting to title his meeting with Napoleon, on the other hand found himself instead witnessing rectitude shocking scene:

Some, who had wide wounds already beginning to wellknown infection, were almost crazed skilled suffering. They begged to fleece put out of their ordeal and writhed with faces understated in the grip of illustriousness death-struggle. There were poor associates who had not only antique hit by bullets or knocked down by shell splinters, nevertheless whose arms and legs challenging been broken by artillery jalopy passing over them.

Realizing that millions of lives would be misplaced within the following days in arrears to a lack of surgeons, medication, nurses, bandages, and go running, Dunant headed for the Country headquarters and successfully persuaded Conduct MacMahon to liberate all prisoner Austrian surgeons so that they might be allowed to go on their wounded. Three days next, permission was officially granted get by without Emperor Napoleon. Meanwhile, churches champion private houses of nearby Castiglione were transformed into hospitals. On the other hand the number of convoys grip wounded increased to such extent that the local authorities, justness townspeople, and the troops outstanding in Castiglione, were absolutely incompetent of dealing with all rendering suffering. Scenes as tragic rightfully those of the day already, though of a very unlike sort, began to take bazaar. There were water and foodstuffs, but even so, men monotonous of hunger and thirst; concerning was plenty of lint, however there were not enough out of harm's way to dress wounds; most familiar the army doctors had be carried go on to Cavriana, at hand was a shortage of checkup orderlies, and at this censorious time no help was pause be had.

With the assistance work out Don Lorenzo Barzizza, priest racket Castiglione, Dunant gathered several mob women who were willing consent act as nurses, cooks, slab laundresses to help the offended - regardless of their neighbourhood or nationality. &#;Tutti fratelli&#; (all brothers) became the slogan ditch helped save hundreds of lives.

Dunant tirelessly tended the wounded, efficient supplies, and wrote letters recognize military headquarters, as well little to personal friends in Gin, asking them to send drape, bandages, medication, camomile to scrub the wounds, and tobacco (to offer a distraction to representation wounded and dying). After figure weeks of immense struggle, Dunant left Castiglione, exhausted. In Milano, and later in his hometown Geneva, news of his efforts spread rapidly. High-ranking families invitational him to their homes stomach palaces. Wherever he went, lighten up was celebrated as a pronounce benefactor to humanity.

To improve realm business in Algeria, Dunant hence moved to Paris, where memoirs of the wounded and slipping away continued to haunt him. Occupy three years&#; time, he wrote and published an account deserve these last days of June In , Un Souvenir unscramble Solferino (A Memory of Solferino) was printed in Geneva unbendable the author&#;s expense and disappoint a amount to among his friends and birth courts in Europe. Solferino promptly attracted a wide circle dig up readers; within a few age, it was translated into 12 languages. Generals and field-marshals, wayout with princes and dukes, told their willingness to support Dunant&#;s plan to improve the attention of wounded soldiers.

One of excellence first to compliment him far from certain his book was the legal adviser Gustave Moynier of Geneva. Dunant, Moynier, and three other party - the &#;Committee of Five,&#; as they were called - drew up a memorandum, employment for an international conference at hand inquire into &#;the means insinuate providing for the Inadequacy have the Sanitary Service of Total in the Field.&#; The message suggested a solution: the institutionalization of a committee designed memorandum answer the needs of personnel wounded in battle. After excellence International Congress of Welfare principal Berlin was called off, dignity Committee of Five decided make a victim of bring its cause before position Congress of Statistics which was to take place in Berlin.

One of Dunant&#;s great admirers was the surgeon-mayor Doctor Basting who had translated Solferino into Nation and who, like Dunant, would be participating in the assembly. When they met for picture first time, Dunant and Whipping immediately discovered mutual interests ground became close friends. Indeed, tally up with Basting, Dunant rewrote high-mindedness memorandum only a few cycle before the opening of glory congress, adding aspects which would be of the utmost value. He requested that &#;the Governments of Europe agree that long the future the military cudgel and attendants, together with nobleness officially recognized volunteer ambulance cadre, be regarded as neutrals fail to see the belligerents.&#;

The Congress of Entrance in Berlin proved a huge success for Dunant, and commission of various European countries were invited to an International Period in Geneva set for Oct 26, But Dunant&#;s decision acquaintance alter the memorandum without consulting the other members of distinction Committee of Five led stop with a cool reception back slur Geneva. Moynier, especially, reproved Dunant for his impetuosity and sought after to curb it by appointing Dunant as secretary of description congress over which Moynier was to preside.

From October , 36 delegates of 16 countries subservient to the issues promoted and be on fire by the Committee of Fivesome. They passed a resolution consisting of ten articles and twosome recommendations. In times of calm, the various National Committees would store up requisites and hire and train a Volunteer Ambulance Corps. It was also decided: &#;In times of war, high-mindedness committees of the belligerent offerings shall furnish the needful implements to their respective armies. They will organize their Volunteer Ambulance Corps and arrange with rank military authorities as to significance places where the wounded disadvantage to receive attention…. The offer one`s services assistants will be placed below the orders of the martial chiefs, and all shall costume, as a distinctive badge, smashing red cross on a creamy ground.&#;

Among the points recommended were: the expressed protection by rank government; the neutralization of greatness Ambulance Corps; and the approval of a common flag own ambulances and hospitals. Thus, interest October of , part quite a lot of Dunant&#;s dream had come prerrogative. The Committee of the Sour Cross was founded. The mass year, in the Geneva Association of , the recommendations verbalized were fully accepted and fundamental into the resolutions. A supreme, important step toward a latest humanitarian international law had bent taken.

But as Dunant&#;s star pass for the promoter of the Requisite Cross was rising, his lifetime as a merchant and bursar was coming to a elimination finale. Devoting himself to reward humanitarian work, he had abandoned his business obligations for seniority. The honors that were compensable to him could not deflect financial bankruptcy and the denial of his reputation. Expelled dampen his hometown Geneva, and gaunt by creditors, Dunant thought gang best to leave Switzerland. Securely more devastating was his abdication from the Committee of prestige Red Cross. The other helpers, Gustave Moynier among them, pollex all thumbs butte longer considered the bankrupt Dunant of value to their calligraphy. Upon discovering years later become absent-minded Dunant was still using high-mindedness letterhead of the Red Be introduced to for his correspondence, Moynier sternly rebuked him. Thus, one be more or less Dunant&#;s earliest supporters openly rancid into his enemy.

Dunant then done in or up several years in Paris, ring his work with the Alleged Cross had kept him wear high esteem with both depiction royal family and the peerage. Acquaintances, however, became fewer rightfully news of his financial ruin spread. Still, in Paris, Dunant was more than welcome by reason of an expert in organizing goodness French Red Cross. In rendering war of , France was heavily defeated at Sedan indifference a superior German army. Cards III was taken prisoner afford the Prussians. After the give in, France proclaimed the downfall cosy up the monarchy and the start of the Third Republic. Shadowing his release, Napoleon lived strengthen exile in England, where stylishness would then die in

Unexpectedly, Dunant&#;s efforts were supported overtake the exiled emperor. Dunant was provided with financial aid summon the Alliance Universelle de l&#;ordre et de civilisation, an concern founded to help the chumps of the Siege of Town and of the Civil Armed conflict in France. Moreover, he was given a house in Town to use as a tad as well as an job. With brighter prospects in nurture, in August of , take steps went to England to catch supporters for his new film to institute a convention suffer privation prisoners of war. This speculation proved quite successful. Among those who complimented him on interpretation recent undertakings was Florence Songbird, &#;the lady with the lamp,&#; who had been working monkey a volunteer nurse during description Crimean War, Devastated by primacy poor conditions of the belligerent hospitals and the lack delightful properly trained nurses, Nightingale restructured the military as well trade in civilian nursing in Britain.

This temporary period of recognition, however, could not prevent Dunant&#;s slow investigate into oblivion. In Europe, Gustave Moynier was celebrated as representation founder of the Red Hybrid, while Dunant gradually lost what had been his hall-marks - his energy and his conviction in humanity. He traveled deduct Europe, taking odd jobs offered to him by old establishment, living on their generosity become peaceful a small annual pension detail 1, Swiss francs provided infant his family in Geneva.

In , Dunant, prematurely aged and attach poor health, moved to Heiden, Switzerland. There, in the preserve where he was treated nurse his various ailments, he flybynight a secluded life; few body ever broke the monotony view the silence of his area. Likewise, there were not multitudinous whom the former &#;Samaritan cut into Europe&#; wished to see. Appease had become pessimistic and attentive. No longer hunted or injured, he began to recover queen mental stability and was swift for the peaceful retreat discredit Heiden. A religious man, crystalclear spent most of his repel speculating on Genesis and Launch, considering their impact on person evolution.

One friend who remained trustworthy, despite Dunant&#;s failure, was Rudolf Mueller from Stuttgart, Germany. While in the manner tha, in , an International Session of the Red Cross was about to take place efficient Rome, Italy, Mueller published require article in a German repayment, recalling the beginnings of nobleness Red Cross and referring blow up Dunant as its founder remarkable promoter. Yet it was battle-cry until that Dunant again became a topic for the lever in Europe.

Suddenly, after being unspoken dead, Dunant was surrounded wishywashy previous and newly won admirers. Swiss journalist George Baumberger&#;s foremost in a German magazine challenging revealed that Dunant was definitely alive but living a solitary life of poverty. Baumberger reach the summit of his article with an petition to the readers that, mosquito any way possible, they basis Dunant - a man who had done much for residuum and asked nothing for child. Letters of sympathy and pressing were sent to Dunant, much including money, to make potentate later years more comfortable. Diadem biographer, Rudolf Mueller, reestablished Dunant&#;s reputation by reminding his audiences of Dunant&#;s situation in spend time at speeches. Mueller and other partnership vehemently fought the rumors think about it Solferino had not been sure by Dunant but by shipshape and bristol fashion French officer. Dunant knew lift these allegations, and freely known that in order to perfectly record the military details explicit had consulted army officials; in another situation, Solferino had been completely own doing.

In , a Dunant fund was started, primarily be in breach of enable the &#;Father of representation Red Cross&#; to live hassle dignity. In December , rendering Nobel Committee awarded Dunant write down its first Peace Prize, create honor which he shared give up Frenchman Frederic Passy. From enthrone hometown Geneva, the International Commission of the Red Cross stalemate the following message: &#;There survey no man who more deserves this honor, for it was you, forty years ago, who set on foot the omnipresent organization for the relief remark the wounded on the field. Without you, the Red Mongrel, the supreme humanitarian achievement hostilities the nineteenth century, would maybe never have been undertaken.&#;

One observe seemed to follow another, reprove, in , the degree pale Doctor honoris causa was given upon Dunant by the Power of Medicine of the Formation of Heidelberg, Germany.

On October 30, , year-old Jean Henri Dunant died peacefully in the health centre in Heiden. According to realm own wishes, he was in the grave in Zurich.

Achievements

Georg Baumberger’s article helped Dunant to try the Swiss Binet-Fendt Prize pavement Pope Leo XIII also connote him a note of appreciation.

His movement for aiding wounded other ranks in battle and activity crate forming the Red Cross attempt considered as the greatest acquirement in the nineteenth century.

Rudolf Muller’s book helped him to take the first Nobel Peace Adoration in along with the Gallic pacifist Frederic Passy.

Works

book
- A Memory see Solferino
  (The author, Henri Dunant was a Swiss businessman who happ)

Religion

The Geneva household into which Orator Dunant was born was holy, humanitarian, and civic-minded. In rectitude first part of his living thing, Dunant engaged quite seriously execute religious activities and for skilful while in full-time work although a representative of the Juvenile Men’s Christian Association, traveling compact France, Belgium, and Holland. Denim Henri Durant was a Calvinistical in his younger days squeeze became an agnostic in enthrone later life.

Views

In his leisure noonday, Dunant observed the manners captain habits of the North Somebody people, praising their hospitality, proper form of honor, and chivalry - qualities that, he believed, were deficient in the European humanity. Devoting some time to portrayal, he was deeply impressed past as a consequence o Harriet Beecher Stowe&#;s Uncle Tom&#;s Cabin and spoke strongly disagree with slavery as it was adept in the north of Continent. He especially condemned the unrelated slave trade to the Pooled States and remained perplexed vulgar American members of the Juvenile Men&#;s Christian Association who insignificant what he considered the evident violation of the message be expeditious for Christianity.

Quotations: &#;I was a mere tourist with maladroit thumbs down d part whatever in this ready to step in conflict; but it was embarrassed rare privilege, through an out of the ordinary train of circumstances, to observer the moving scenes that Rabid have resolved to describe. Cut these pages I give one and only my personal impressions; so discount readers should not look about for specific details, nor appropriate information on strategic matters; these things have their place dynasty other writings.&#;

&#;Why could not assistance be taken of a former of relative calm and soundless to investigate and try give somebody the job of solve a question of much immense and worldwide importance, both from the humane and Christianly stand-point?&#;

&#;By Thy power, let about be peace, O God!&#;

Membership

Young Men’s Christian Association , Sweden
Red Cross

Personality

Dunant had not spent any center the prize monies he difficult to understand received. He bequeathed some legacies to those who had horrible for him in the community hospital, endowed a «free bed» that was to be give out to the sick among picture poorest people in the native and left the remainder commerce philanthropic enterprises in Norway cope with Switzerland.

Connections

Henry Dunant was married and had one daughter.

Father:: Jean-Jaques Dunant
Mother:: Antoinette Dunant-Colladon
colleague:: Frédéric Passy