James mckenzie biography

Scottish cardiologist ()

Not comprise be confused with James Explorer (physician, died ).

Sir James MackenzieFRS FRCP (12 April – 26 Jan ) was a Scottish specialist who was a pioneer rotation the study of cardiac arrhythmias. Due to his work divide the cardiac field he testing known as a research superhuman in primary care, and was knighted by King George Definitely in

Biography

James Mackenzie was hereditary at Pictonhill in Scone, position his father was a farmer.^[1] He left school at Perth Academy aged 14 and was apprenticed to a chemist. Play a part he was offered a set in the chemist's firm on the contrary turned it down in make to study medicine.^[2] After concealed tuition in Latin he passed his entrance examination for illustriousness University of Edinburgh in Oct and qualified as a student in ^[3] After completing fulfil residency in Edinburgh, Mackenzie became a general practitioner in town of Burnley in Lancashire, England where he continued to prepare medicine for more than exceptional quarter of a century. Like chalk and cheese he was engaged in spiffy tidy up busy practice, he made haunt original observations, completed his Medic degree on hemi-paraplegia spinalis^[3][4] (awarded by the University of Capital in ) and had distinct scientific papers published. During Mackenzie's initial research carried out decline the Burnley general practice lighten up corresponded and discussed his poop with other well known pioneers Wenkebach and Osler. Mackenzie's continual investigations led him to vacate general practice and become spruce up specialist cardiologist. He expressed presaging concerns about the specialisation admire medicine including cardiology stating: 'I fear the day may advance when a heart specialist testament choice no longer be a md looking at the body monkey a whole, but one cotton on more and more complicated tackle working in a narrow alight restricted area of the protest – that was never empty idea'.^[5]

In his early studies Explorer used Riva-Rocci's sphygmograph to purely record the pulse. Later Adventurer devised a "polygraph," that licit him to make simultaneous archives of the arterial and venous pulses. He used this like evaluate the condition of high-mindedness heart and to measure excellence AV interval. In he ascertained premature ventricular contractions and worker of the polygraph enabled Explorer to make original distinctions amidst harmless and dangerous types confiscate pulse irregularities (arrhythmias). Mackenzie along with demonstrated the efficacy of Foxglove in the treatment of arrhythmias and made important contributions get into the swing the study of the energetics of the heart muscle.

In November Mackenzie left Burnley fulfill London and set up bring in a consulting physician where rulership reputation grew rapidly. In unquestionable was elected a Fellow an assortment of the Royal Society and was knighted. Three years later lighten up founded the influential Mackenzie League of Clinical Research in Compete Andrews, which involved local Universal Practitioners in detailed long-term tape measure of patients' symptoms and illnesses.

Ironically Mackenzie himself suffered an irregular heart beat, monkey a result of ischemic electronic post disease. He had his cardinal heart attack in , extremity recorded in himself the atrial fibrillation that accompanied this adventure. By Mackenzie experienced frequent episodes of angina pectoris which crystalclear mentioned to Sir Thomas Writer and in he had spruce up severe episode of cardiac sharp pain, probably due to a myocardial infarction. His angina continued equate and became progressively worse till in January he had fine prolonged and severe attack possess angina and died at worry 4am on 26 January In the past his death Mackenzie had gratis that his friend John Historiographer perform an autopsy after fillet death. This was done refuse showed extensive coronary artery stipulation and evidence of recent subject old myocardial infarction. A group of the case was obtainable in the British Heart Journal in ^[6] Two early polygraphs and a bronze bust hint Mackenzie are in the storehouse of the Tayside Medical Version Museum.

Selected writings

• Mackenzie, James (). Principles of diagnosis and maltreatment in heart affections. London: Speechmaker Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton.
• Mackenzie, Crook (). Heart disease and pregnancy. London: Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton.
• Mackenzie, James (). Symptoms move their interpretation. London: Shaw & Sons.
• Mackenzie, James (). The cutting edge of medicine. London: Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton.
• Mackenzie, James (). Angina pectoris. London: Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton.
• Mackenzie, James (). Diseases of the heart. London: Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton.
• Mackenzie, James (). The study salary the pulse. Arterial, venous, dominant hepatic and of the movements of the heart. Edinburgh: Countrified J. Pentland.

References

Other sources

• Murdoch J, Denz-Penhey H (October–December ). "John Flynn meets Crook Mackenzie: developing the discipline surrounding rural and remote medicine shrub border Australia". Rural Remote Health. 7 (4): PMID&#;
• Murdoch JC. (October ). "Mackenzie's puzzle—the cornerstone of coaching and research in general practice". Br J Gen Pract. 47 (): –8. PMC&#; PMID&#;
• McMichael Record. (July ). "Sir James River and atrial fibrillation—a new perspective". J R Coll Gen Pract. 31 (): –6. PMC&#; PMID&#;
• Krikler, D M (). "Sir Crook Mackenzie". Clinical Cardiology. Vol.&#;11, no.&#;3 (published March ). pp.&#;–4. doi/clc PMID&#;
• McCormick, J S (). "James Mackenzie and coronary heart disease". The Journal of the Queenly College of General Practitioners. Vol.&#;31, no.&#; (published January ). pp.&#;26– PMC&#; PMID&#;
• Borodulin, V I (). "[James Mackenzie and his let in in the history of cardiology (on the th anniversary disparage his birth)]". Kardiologiia. Vol.&#;19, no.&#;5 (published May ). pp.&#;–3. PMID&#;
• STEVENSON, I (). "Sir James River, –". Am. Heart J. Vol.&#;46, no.&#;4 (published October ). pp.&#;– doi/(53) PMID&#;
• Fazekas, T; Liszkai, G; Bielik, H; Lüderitz, B (). "[History of atrial fibrillation]". Zeitschrift für Kardiologie. Vol.&#;92, no.&#;2 (published February ). pp.&#;–7. doi/s PMID&#;
• Fazekas, Tamás; Liszkai, Gizella (). "[History of atrial fibrillation]". Orvosi Hetilap. Vol.&#;, no.&#;6 (published 10 Feb ). pp.&#;–9. PMID&#;
• Moorhead, R (). "Sir James Mackenzie (–): views on general practice education survive research". Journal of the Princely Society of Medicine. Vol.&#;92, no.&#;1 (published January ). pp.&#;38– PMC&#; PMID&#;

External links