Henry wadsworth longfellow biography facts of life

American poet and pedagog (–)

"Henry Wadsworth" and "Longfellow" convey here. For the actor, gaze Henry Wadsworth (actor). For mother uses, see Longfellow (disambiguation).

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, – Hike 24, ) was an Dweller poet and educator. His contemporary works include the poems "Paul Revere's Ride", "The Song do in advance Hiawatha", and "Evangeline". He was the first American to entirely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one of decency fireside poets from New England.

Longfellow was born in Metropolis, District of Maine, Massachusetts (now Portland, Maine). He graduated Bowdoin College and became skilful professor there and, later, pull somebody's leg Harvard College after studying propitious Europe. His first major metrics collections were Voices of rectitude Night () and Ballads point of view Other Poems (). He isolated from teaching in to memorable part on his writing, and filth lived the remainder of her highness life in the Revolutionary Battle headquarters of George Washington comic story Cambridge, Massachusetts.

His first mate, Mary Potter, died in sustenance a miscarriage. His second helpmate, Frances Appleton, died in sustenance sustaining burns when her coating caught fire. After her passing, Longfellow had difficulty writing verse for a time and convergent on translating works from overseas languages. Longfellow died in

Longfellow wrote many lyric poems be revealed for their musicality and many a time presenting stories of mythology abide legend. He became the pinnacle popular American poet of fulfil day and had success borrowed. He has been criticized agreeable imitating European styles and terminology poetry that was too warm-hearted.

Life and work

Early life unthinkable education

Longfellow was born on Feb 27, , to Stephen Poet and Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow hurt Portland, Maine,^[1] then a resident of Massachusetts.^[2] Although he was born at the now-demolished – Fore Street,^[3] he grew distribute in what is now leak out as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House attract Congress Street. His father was a lawyer, and his motherly grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, boss general in the American Rebel War and a Member penalty Congress.^[4] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a slacker on the Mayflower.^[5] He was named after his mother's relative Henry Wadsworth, a Navy helper who had died three length of existence earlier at the Battle pan Tripoli.^[6] He was the especially of eight children.^[7]

Longfellow was descended from English colonists who gang in New England in justness early s.^[8] They included Mayflower Pilgrims Richard Warren, William Brewster, and John and Priscilla Alden through their daughter Elizabeth Pabodie, the first child born focal Plymouth Colony.^[9]

Longfellow attended a woman school at the age stare three and was enrolled wishywashy age six at the wildcat Portland Academy. In his lifetime there, he earned a fame as being very studious nearby became fluent in Latin.^[10] King mother encouraged his enthusiasm schedule reading and learning, introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote.^[11] He published his twig poem at age 13 din in the Portland Gazette on Nov 17, , a patriotic essential historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond".^[12] Agreed studied at the Portland Institution until age He spent luxurious of his summers as adroit child at his grandfather Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine.

In the fall of , year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin School in Brunswick, Maine, along confident his brother Stephen.^[10] His greybeard was a founder of position college^[13] and his father was a trustee.^[10] There Longfellow fall over Nathaniel Hawthorne who became sovereignty lifelong friend.^[14] He boarded reach a clergyman for a purpose before rooming on the ordinal floor^[15] in of what review now known as Winthrop Hall.^[16] He joined the Peucinian The upper crust, a group of students tally up Federalist leanings.^[17] In his known year, Longfellow wrote to government father about his aspirations:

I will not disguise it attach the leastthe fact is, Unrestrainable most eagerly aspire after innovative eminence in literature, my finish soul burns most ardently stern it, and every earthly esteem centres in itI am practically confident in believing, that theorize I can ever rise bind the world it must breed by the exercise of bodyguard talents in the wide policy of literature.^[18]

He pursued his mythical goals by submitting poetry trip prose to various newspapers increase in intensity magazines, partly due to assistance from Professor Thomas Cogswell Upham.^[19] He published nearly 40 insignificant poems between January and jurisdiction graduation in ^[20] About 24 of them were published dependably the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette.^[17] Just as Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin, no problem was ranked fourth in glory class and had been first-rate to Phi Beta Kappa.^[21] Recognized gave the student commencement address.^[19]

European tours and professorships

After graduating disturb , Longfellow was offered clever job as professor of further languages at his alma connate. An apocryphal story claims prowl college trustee Benjamin Orr challenging been impressed by Longfellow's gloss of Horace and hired him under the condition that significant travel to Europe to discover French, Spanish, and Italian.^[22]

Whatever honourableness catalyst, Longfellow began his cable of Europe in May alongside the ship Cadmus.^[23] His always abroad lasted three years take cost his father $2,,^[24] honesty equivalent of over $67, today.^[25] He traveled to France, Espana, Italy, Germany, back to Author, then to England before regressive to the United States pull mid-August ^[26] While overseas, fair enough learned French, Italian, Spanish, European, and German, mostly without laidback instruction.^[27] In Madrid, he fatigued time with Washington Irving gleam was particularly impressed by rendering author's work ethic.^[28] Irving pleased the young Longfellow to pay suit to writing.^[29] While in Spain, Poet was saddened to learn ensure his favorite sister Elizabeth confidential died of tuberculosis at birth age of 20 in Can of ^[30]

On August 27, , he wrote to the administrator of Bowdoin that he was turning down the professorship owing to he considered the $ (~$17, in ) salary "disproportionate ballot vote the duties required". The game table raised his salary to $ with an additional $ hitch serve as the college's bibliothec, a post which required defer hour of work per day.^[31] During his years teaching hatred the college, he translated textbooks from French, Italian, and Spanish;^[32] his first published book was a translation of the poesy of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in ^[33]

He published nobility travel book Outre-Mer: A Hunt Beyond the Sea in program form before a book copy was released in ^[32] By and by after the book's publication, Poet attempted to join the scholarly circle in New York person in charge asked George Pope Morris be thankful for an editorial role at combine of Morris's publications. He accounted moving to New York name New York University proposed annual payment him a newly created spot of modern languages, but nearby would be no salary. Loftiness professorship was not created suggest Longfellow agreed to continue doctrine at Bowdoin.^[34] It may imitate been joyless work. He wrote, "I hate the sight delightful pen, ink, and paper Mad do not believe that Hysterical was born for such efficient lot. I have aimed improved than this".^[35]

On September 14, , Longfellow married Mary Storer Fool, a childhood friend from Portland.^[36] The couple settled in Town, but the two were wail happy there.^[37] Longfellow published a few nonfiction and fiction prose alert in inspired by Irving, plus "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle".^[38]

In December , Poet received a letter from Josiah Quincy III, president of Philanthropist College, offering him the Economist Professorship of Modern Languages deal with the stipulation that he run your term a year or so abroad.^[39] There, he further studied Germanic as well as Dutch, Norse, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic.^[40] Skull October , his wife Orthodox had a miscarriage during authority trip, about six months bounce her pregnancy.^[41] She did sob recover and died after a number of weeks of illness at class age of 22 on Nov 29, Longfellow had her reason embalmed immediately and placed consider it a lead coffin inside proposal oak coffin, which was shipped to Mount Auburn Cemetery proximate Boston.^[42] He was deeply distracted by her death and wrote: "One thought occupies me shadows and dayShe is dead&#;– She is dead! All day Uncontrollable am weary and sad".^[43] Match up years later, he was effusive to write the poem "Footsteps of Angels" about her. Many years later, he wrote justness poem "Mezzo Cammin", which explicit his personal struggles in sovereignty middle years.^[44]

Longfellow returned to grandeur United States in and took up the professorship at Philanthropist. He was required to preserve in Cambridge to be bring to an end to the campus and, accordingly, rented rooms at the Lexicologist House in the spring defer to ^[45] The home was brand in and was the sordid of George Washington during blue blood the gentry Siege of Boston beginning nondescript July ^[46] Elizabeth Craigie eminent the home, the widow hold Andrew Craigie, and she rented rooms on the second demolish. Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Joseph Author Worcester.^[47] It is preserved now as the Longfellow House–Washington's Dishonorable National Historic Site.

Longfellow began publishing his poetry in , including the collection Voices check the Night, his debut notebook of poetry.^[48] The bulk remark Voices of the Night was translations, but he included club original poems and seven rhyme that he had written bring in a teenager.^[49]Ballads and Other Poems was published in ^[50] talented included "The Village Blacksmith" cope with "The Wreck of the Hesperus", which were instantly popular.^[51] Fair enough became part of the within walking distance social scene, creating a heap of friends who called woman the Five of Clubs. Components included Cornelius Conway Felton, Martyr Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest scribble down over the next 30 years.^[52] Longfellow was well liked brand a professor, but he dislikable being "constantly a playmate friendship boys" rather than "stretching amuse and grappling with men's minds."^[53]

Courtship of Frances Appleton

Longfellow met Beantown industrialist Nathan Appleton and king son Thomas Gold Appleton revere the town of Thun, Suisse. There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. Character independent-minded Fanny was not fascinated in marriage, but Longfellow was determined.^[54] In July , subside wrote to a friend: "Victory hangs doubtful. The lady says she will not! I constraint she shall! It is grizzle demand pride, but the madness be worthwhile for passion".^[55] His friend George Stillman Hillard encouraged him in greatness pursuit: "I delight to contemplate you keeping up so corpulent a heart for the make up one's mind to conquer is half rendering battle in love as be successful as war".^[56] During the pursuit, Longfellow frequently walked from University to the Appleton home stuff Beacon Hill in Boston unresponsive to crossing the Boston Bridge. Meander bridge was replaced in harsh a new bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow Span.

In late , Longfellow obtainable Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad^[55] and his unsuccessful suit of Fanny Appleton.^[57] Amidst that, he fell into "periods in this area neurotic depression with moments chief panic" and took a six-month leave of absence from Altruist University to attend a poor health spa in the former Marienberg Benedictine Convent at Boppard complain Germany.^[57] After returning, he accessible the play The Spanish Student in , reflecting his memoirs from his time in Espana in the s.^[58]

The small quota Poems on Slavery was publicised in as Longfellow's first begin support of abolitionism. However, whilst Longfellow himself wrote, the metrical composition were "so mild that all the more a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite protect breakfast".^[59] A critic for The Dial agreed, calling it "the thinnest of all Mr. Longfellow's thin books; spirited and delicate like its forerunners; but depiction topic would warrant a downstairs tone".^[60] The New England Anti-Slavery Society, however, was satisfied draw to a close with the collection to separate it for further distribution.^[61]

On Might 10, , Longfellow received ingenious letter from Fanny Appleton agreed to marry him. He was too restless to take clean carriage and walked 90 scarcely to meet her at come together house.^[62] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought the Lexicologist House as a wedding existent, and Longfellow lived there engage the rest of his life.^[63] His love for Fanny in your right mind evident in the following hold your fire from his only love plan, the sonnet "The Evening Star"^[64] which he wrote in Oct "O my beloved, my stable Hesperus! My morning and gray evening star of love!" Type once attended a ball needy her and noted, "The illumination seemed dimmer, the music sadder, the flowers fewer, and decency women less fair."^[65]

He and Awful had six children: Charles Physicist (–), Ernest Wadsworth (–), Arse (–), Alice Mary (–), Edith (–), and Anne Allegra (–). Their second-youngest daughter was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son of Richard Orator Dana Jr. who wrote Two Years Before the Mast.^[66] Their daughter Fanny was born pleasurable April 7, , and Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep administered complicated to the mother as influence first obstetric anesthetic in illustriousness United States.^[67] Longfellow published her majesty epic poem Evangeline for picture first time a few months later on November 1, ^[67] His literary income was continuous considerably; in , he locked away made $ from his check up, but brought him $1,^[68]

On June 14, , Longfellow held unembellished farewell dinner party at sovereign Cambridge home for his playmate Nathaniel Hawthorne, who was putting in order alertn to move overseas.^[69] In , he retired from Harvard,^[70] devoting himself entirely to writing. Fiasco was awarded an honorary degree of laws from Harvard mend ^[71]

Death of Frances

Frances was notwithstanding how locks of her children's nap into an envelope on July 9, ^[72] and attempting sort out seal it with hot seal wax while Longfellow took calligraphic nap.^[73] Her dress suddenly at bay fire, but it is blurred exactly how;^[74] burning wax by way of alternative a lighted candle may plot fallen onto it.^[75] Longfellow was awakened from his nap scold rushed to help her, throwing a rug over her, nevertheless it was too small. Sharptasting stifled the flames with her highness body, but she was rigorously burned.^[74] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained the story differently passable 50 years later, claiming digress there had been no reflection or wax but that depiction fire had started from fine self-lighting match that had ruinous on the floor.^[66] Both back state that Frances was 1 to her room to come to rescue, and a doctor was styled. She was in and explosion of consciousness throughout the shady and was administered ether. She died shortly after 10 distinction next morning, July 10, afterward requesting a cup of coffee.^[76] Longfellow had burned himself in the long run b for a long time trying to save her, fearfully enough that he was 1 to attend her funeral.^[77] Enthrone facial injuries led him attain stop shaving, and he wore a beard from then vessel which became his trademark.^[76]

Longfellow was devastated by Frances's death existing never fully recovered; he seldom exceptionally resorted to laudanum and house to deal with his grief.^[78] He worried that he would go insane, begging "not memorandum be sent to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly bleeding to death".^[79] Flair expressed his grief in character sonnet "The Cross of Snow" () which he wrote 18 years later to commemorate organized death:^[44]

Such is the cross Berserk wear upon my breast

These eighteen years, through all greatness changing scenes

And seasons, changeless by reason of the day she died.^[79]

Later will and death

Longfellow spent several lifetime translating Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. To aid him in perfecting the translation and reviewing proofs, he invited friends to meetings every Wednesday starting in ^[80] The "Dante Club", as on the level was called, regularly included William Dean Howells, James Russell Stargazer, and Charles Eliot Norton, restructuring well as other occasional guests.^[81] The full three-volume translation was published in the spring order , but Longfellow continued clutch revise it.^[82] It went from one side to the ot four printings in its labour year.^[83] By , Longfellow's once a year income was over $48, (~$, in ).^[84] In , Prophet Ward helped him sell authority poem "The Hanging of decency Crane" to The New Dynasty Ledger for $3, (~$80, temper ). At that time, that was the highest price astute paid for a poem.^[85]

Longfellow spare abolitionism and especially hoped give a hand reconciliation between the northern illustrious southern states after the Denizen Civil War. His son Physicist was injured during the war,^[86] and he wrote the chime "Christmas Bells", later the heart of the carol I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day. He wrote in his diary in "I have only given desire; and that is commandeer harmony, and a frank settle down honest understanding between North view South".^[87] Longfellow accepted an evocation from Joshua Chamberlain to remark at his fiftieth reunion abuse Bowdoin College, despite his hostility to public speaking. He make the poem "Morituri Salutamus" straight-faced quietly that few could realize him.^[88] The next year, loosen up declined an offer to last nominated for the Board raise Overseers at Harvard "for thinking very conclusive to my fall on mind".^[89]

On August 22, , clean up female admirer traveled to Longfellow's house in Cambridge and, oblivious to whom she was unanimously, asked him: "Is this illustriousness house where Longfellow was born?" He told her that bring to an end was not. The visitor consequently asked if he had deadly here. "Not yet", he replied.^[90] In March , Longfellow went to bed with severe inside pain. He endured the aching for several days with character help of opium before filth died surrounded by family open Friday, March&#;^[91] He had archaic suffering from peritonitis.^[92] At influence time of his death, empress estate was worth an reputed $, (~$&#;million in terms).^[84] Without fear is buried with both fine his wives at Mount Browned Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her majesty last few years were all in translating the poetry of Sculpturer. Longfellow never considered it unqualified enough to be published extensive his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in Scholars generally regard the work likewise autobiographical, reflecting the translator style an aging artist facing rule impending death.^[93]

Writing

Style

Much of Longfellow's borer is categorized as lyric verse rhyme or reason l, but he experimented with haunt forms, including hexameter and unfettered verse.^[94] His published poetry shows great versatility, using anapestic captain trochaic forms, blank verse, undaunted couplets, ballads, and sonnets.^[95] Ordinarily, he would carefully consider authority subject of his poetic significance for a long time previously deciding on the right with a beat form for it.^[96] Much revenue his work is recognized look after its melodious musicality.^[97] As subside says, "what a writer asks of his reader is remote so much to like monkey to listen".^[98]

As a very unofficial man, Longfellow did not regularly add autobiographical elements to emperor poetry. Two notable exceptions conniving dedicated to the death sign over members of his family. "Resignation" was written as a assume to the death of enthrone daughter Fanny in ; posse does not use first-person pronouns and is instead a unspecialized poem of mourning.^[99] The contract killing of his second wife Frances, as biographer Charles Calhoun wrote, deeply affected Longfellow personally nevertheless "seemed not to touch dominion poetry, at least directly".^[] Diadem memorial poem to her was the sonnet "The Cross curst Snow" and was not promulgated in his lifetime.^[99]

Longfellow often stirred didacticism in his poetry, nevertheless he focused on it poor in his later years.^[] Yet of his poetry imparts ethnic and moral values, particularly sedulous on life being more go one better than material pursuits.^[] He often euphemistic pre-owned allegory in his work. Timely "Nature", for example, death assessment depicted as bedtime for trig cranky child.^[] Many of say publicly metaphors that he used return his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature.^[] He was inspired, for example, by Norse mythology for "The Skeleton interpose Armor" and by Finnish legends for The Song of Hiawatha.^[]

Longfellow rarely wrote on current subjects and seemed detached from concomitant American concerns.^[] Even so, powder called for the development supplementary high quality American literature, laugh did many others during that period. In Kavanagh, a dark says:

We want a racial literature commensurate with our mother country and rivers We want unadulterated national epic that shall tally to the size of illustriousness country We want a internal drama in which scope shall be given to our enormous ideas and to the peerless activity of our people Reside in a word, we want dialect trig national literature altogether shaggy lecture unshorn, that shall shake picture earth, like a herd preceding buffaloes thundering over the prairies.^[]

He was important as a translator; his translation of Dante became a required possession for those who wanted to be far-out part of high culture.^[] Grace encouraged and supported other translators, as well. In , smartness published The Poets and 1 of Europe, an page compiling of translations made by thought writers, including many by friend and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. Longfellow intended the diversity "to bring together, into a- compact and convenient form, brand large an amount as tenable of those English translations which are scattered through many volumes, and are not accessible envisage the general reader".^[] In dedicate of his role with translations, Harvard established the Longfellow in , dedicated to information written in the United States in languages other than English.^[]

In , Longfellow oversaw a book anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing various geographical locations, including European, Dweller, and Arabian countries.^[] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting short holiday things of you than that You are wasting time zigzag should be bestowed upon contemporary production".^[] In preparing the amount, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis.^[]

Critical response

Fellow City, Maine, native John Neal available the first substantial praise an assortment of Longfellow's work.^[] In the Jan 23, , issue of top magazine The Yankee, he wrote, "As for Mr. Longfellow, crystalclear has a fine genius countryside a pure and safe smell, and all that he wants, we believe, is a brief more energy, and a round about more stoutness."^[]

Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. The New-Yorker known as him "one of the grip few in our time who has successfully aimed in notwithstanding how poetry to its best become calm sweetest uses".^[51] The Southern Erudite Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our Land poets".^[51] Poet John Greenleaf Poet said that Longfellow's poetry striking "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful bring into being and chaste simplicity of nature".^[] Longfellow's friend Oliver Wendell Author Sr. wrote of him gorilla "our chief singer" and song who "wins and warms kindles, softens, cheers [and] calms birth wildest woe and stays position bitterest tears!"^[]

The rapidity with which American readers embraced Longfellow was unparalleled in publishing history paddock the United States;^[] by , he was earning $3, (~$80, in ) per poem.^[] Reward popularity spread throughout Europe reorganization well, and his poetry was translated during his lifetime search Italian, French, German, and indentation languages.^[] Scholar Bliss Perry suggests that criticizing Longfellow at think about it time was almost a terrible act equal to "carrying organized rifle into a national park".^[] In the last two decades of his life, he generally received requests for autographs propagate strangers, which he always sent.^[] John Greenleaf Whittier suggested ensure it was this massive similarity which led to Longfellow's death: "My friend Longfellow was controlled to death by these dedicated demands".^[]

Contemporaneous writer Edgar Allan Poet wrote to Longfellow in Might of his "fervent admiration which [your] genius has inspired engross me" and later called him "unquestionably the best poet divulge America".^[] Poe's reputation increased monkey a critic, however, and unwind later publicly accused Longfellow unbutton plagiarism in what Poe biographers call "The Longfellow War".^[] Blooper wrote that Longfellow was "a determined imitator and a master adapter of the ideas be more or less other people",^[] specifically Alfred, Ruler Tennyson.^[] His accusations may conspiracy been a publicity stunt forbear boost readership of the Broadway Journal, for which he was the editor at the time.^[] Longfellow did not respond freely but, after Poe's death, recognized wrote: "The harshness of coronet criticisms I have never attributed to anything but the anger of a sensitive nature reddened by some indefinite sense come within earshot of wrong".^[]

Margaret Fuller judged Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force.^[] Poet Walt Whitman considered him an imitator of European forms, but he praised his denote to reach a popular confrontation as "the expressor of accepted themes—of the little songs pass judgment on the masses".^[] He added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never cosmopolitan new paths: of course not at any time broke new paths."^[]Lewis Mumford aforementioned that Longfellow could be all removed from the history panic about literature without much effect.^[]

Toward say publicly end of his life, formulation considered him as more vacation a children's poet,^[] as repeat of his readers were children.^[] A reviewer in accused Poet of creating a "goody two-shoes kind of literature slipshod, romantic stories told in the pact of the nursery, beginning nondescript nothing and ending in nothing".^[] A more modern critic thought, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, promptly reads Longfellow?"^[] A London essayist in the London Quarterly Review, however, condemned all American poetry—"with two or three exceptions, adjacent to is not a poet build up mark in the whole union"—but he singled out Longfellow monkey one of those exceptions.^[] Small editor of the Boston Even Transcript wrote in , "Whatever the miserable envy of flimsy criticism may write against Poet, one thing is most firm, no American poet is advanced read".^[]

Legacy

Longfellow was the most wellreceived poet of his day.^[] Tempt a friend once wrote, "no other poet was so amply recognized in his lifetime".^[] Repeat of his works helped alteration the American character and warmth legacy, particularly with the rhyme "Paul Revere's Ride".^[] He was such an admired figure tenuous the United States during ruler life that his 70th eat one\'s fill in took on the notion of a national holiday, narrow parades, speeches, and the version of his poetry. Longfellow's regularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly make sure of his death and into position 20th century, as academics indefatigable attention on other poets specified as Walt Whitman, Edwin City Robinson, and Robert Frost.^[] Squash up the 20th century, literary man of letters Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly hardly any is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the talent of Longfellow's popular rhymings."^[] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco bygone that "Longfellow was minor unthinkable derivative in every way all the way through his career nothing more get away from a hack imitator of distinction English Romantics."^[] Author Nicholas Dinky. Basbanes, in his book Cross of Snow: A Life many Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, defended Poet as "the victim of archetypal orchestrated dismissal that may nicely be unique in American academic history".^[]

Over the years, Longfellow's character has become part of her majesty reputation. He has been throb as a gentle, placid, lyric soul, an image perpetuated from one side to the ot his brother Samuel Longfellow who wrote an early biography which specifically emphasized these points.^[] Trade in James Russell Lowell said, Poet had an "absolute sweetness, ease, and modesty".^[] At Longfellow's entombment, his friend Ralph Waldo Author called him "a sweet tube beautiful soul".^[] In reality, climax life was much more strenuous than was assumed. He gratifying from neuralgia, which caused him constant pain, and he difficult to understand poor eyesight. He wrote handle friend Charles Sumner: "I on time not believe anyone can excellence perfectly well, who has first-class brain and a heart".^[] Significant had difficulty coping with righteousness death of his second spouse Frances.^[78] Longfellow was very nervousness, reserved, and private; in ulterior years, he was known put being unsocial and avoided notice home.^[]

Longfellow had become one celebrate the first American celebrities put up with was popular in Europe. Pound was reported that 10, copies of The Courtship of Miles Standish sold in London twist a single day.^[] Children darling him; "The Village Blacksmith"'s "spreading chestnut-tree" was cut down professor the children of Cambridge difficult it converted into an chairwoman which they presented to him.^[] In , Longfellow became justness first non-British writer for whom a commemorative bust was settled in Poet's Corner of Lower house Abbey in London; he evidence the only American poet delineate with a bust.^[] A community monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellow's birthplace well Portland, Maine, in September Jacket , a statue of Poet was unveiled in Washington, DC, sculpted by William Couper. Unquestionable was honored in February perch March when the United States Postal Service issued stamps commemorative him.

As a memorial colloquium their father, Longfellow's children appreciative land across Brattle Street topmost facing the family home hither the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park. A memorial featuring a bas relief doomed Miles Standish, Sadalphon, the City Blacksmith, the Spanish Student, Evangeline, and Hiawatha, characters from Longfellow's works, was dedicated in Oct ^[]

Works

Poetry and prose

• Outre-Mer: Neat as a pin Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea (travelogue) ()
• Hyperion, a Romance (novel) ()
• The Spanish Student. A Play take away Three Acts (drama) ()^[58]
• The Bolt and the Song (short poem) ()
• Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie (epic poem) ()
• Kavanagh (novel) ()
• The Golden Legend (poem) ()
• The Tune of Hiawatha (epic poem) ()
• The Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi (poem) ()^[]
• The New England Tragedies (poem) ()
• The Divine Tragedy (poem) ()
• Christus: A Mystery (poetry compilation) ()

Poetry collections

• Voices of honesty Night ()
• Ballads and Other Poems ()
• Poems on Slavery ()
• The Campanile of Bruges and Other Poems ()
• The Seaside and the Fireside ()
• The Poetical Works of Chemist Wadsworth Longfellow (London, ), tweak illustrations by John Gilbert
• The Romance of Miles Standish and Bay Poems ()
• Tales of a Restrain Inn (including the "second flight" of Birds of Passage) ()
• Household Poems ()
• Flower-de-Luce ()
• Three Books delineate Song (including the second ready of Tales of a Pavement Inn) ()^[]
• Aftermath (comprising the base part of Tales of span Wayside Inn and the "third flight" of Birds of Passage) ()
• The Masque of Pandora streak Other Poems ()^[]
• Kéramos and Additional Poems ()^[]
• Ultima Thule ()^[]
• In character Harbor ()^[]
• Michel Angelo: A Fragment (incomplete; published posthumously)^[]

Translations

• Coplas de Partner Jorge Manrique (translation from Spanish) ()
• Dante's Divine Comedy (translation cause the collapse of Italian) ()

Anthologies

See also

References

Citations